CHEMICAL DATA ACQUISITION PLANSITE INVENTORY UPDATEGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKAFINALContract No. DACA85-91-D-Q003Delivery Order No. 0010February 1993Prepared for:UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERSMr. Douglas Blaisdell, Project ManagerAlaska DistrictPouch 898Anchorage, Alaska 99506-0898ecology and environment, inc.840 K STREET, ANCHORAGE, AK 99501,TEL. (907) 257-5000International Specialists in the Environment200-lerecycled paperF10AK069603 01.09 0005 aTABLE OF CONTENTSSectionPage1INTRODUCTION1-12SITE DESCRIPTION/BACKGROUND INFORMATION2-12.1PHYSIOGRAPHY2-12.2ECOLOGY2-12.2.1Vegetation .2-12.2.2Birds2-22.2.3Mammals2-22.2.4Fish2-232.3GEOLOGY2-32.4HYDROLOGY2-32.5CLIMATE2-42.6SITE HISTORY2-52.6.1Island History2-52.6.2Land Ownership2-62.6.3Demographic Characteristics2-62.6.4Project Site History2-6CHEMICAL DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES3-13.1GENERAL PROJECT CONCEPTUAL MODEL3-13.1.1Contaminant Sources3-13.1.2Migration Pathways3-13.1.3Potential Receptors3-1111!9d£P«OTO A0444X2OS/93-D1recycled paperFINALecology and pmvironm^ntTable of Contents (Cont.)SectionPage3.1.4Contaminants of Concern.3-23.2PROJECT OBJECTIVE3-23.3PROJECT DATA ACQUISITION APPROACH3-33.4PROJECT DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES3-34PROJECT TEAM ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES5FIELDWORK METHODOLOGIES/FIELD ACTIVITIES5-15.1GENERAL INFORMATION5-15.2PROJECT AREA SITE DESCRIPTIONS5-35.2.1Site No. 1: North Beach5-45.2.2Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/OperationsArea5-5Site No. 3: Former CommunicationFacility5-75.2.4Site No. 4: Sevuokuk Mountain5-85.2.5Site No. 5: Former Tramway Site5-105.2.6Site No. 6: Military Landfill5-115.2.7Site No. 7: Former Military Power Facility5-125.2.8Site No. 8: West Beach5-135.2.9Site No. 9: Asphalt Barrel Cache5-145.2.10Site No. 10: Sevuokuk Mountain Trail System ...5-145.2.11Site No. 11: Communication Cable Route5-155.2.12Site No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal Site5-155.2.13Site No. 13: Former Radar Power Station . . . . . .5-165.2.14Site No. 14: Navy Plane Crash Site5-175.2.15Site No. 15: Troutman Lake Ordnance Burial Site .5-175.2.16Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building Site . . . .5-175.2.17Site No. 17: Army Landfills5-185.2.18Site No. 18: Former Main Camp5-185.2.3..4-1iv19JCP60TO A044-02/25/93-D1FINALTable of Contents (Cont.)tionPage5.35.45.55.6GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION5-195.3.1Geophysical Survey Locations5-195.3.2Geophysical Survey Methods5-22SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS5-245.4.1Surface and Shallow Subsurface Soil5-245.4.2Subsurface Soil5-275.4.3Groundwater Samples5-355.4.4Sediment Samples5-425.4.5Asbestos Samples5-42FIELD QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS5-455.5.1Field QC Samples5-455.5.2Field Audits5-465.5.3Corrective Action5-46FIELD EQUIPMENT, CONTAINERS, AND SUPPLIES . . .5-465.6.1Calibration Procedures and Frequency5-465.6.2Sampling Equipment, Containers,and Supplies5-515.7EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION5-515.8SAMPLE HANDLING REQUIREMENTS5-525.8.1Container Requirements5-525.8.2Preservation and Holding Times5-525.8.3Documentation5-525.8.4Analysis Request Forms/Chain-of-Custody5-565.8.5Sample Packaging and Shipping5-585.9INVESTIGATION-DERIVED WASTE5-595.10PERSONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY5-60LABORATORY ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES6-16.1LABORATORY PROCEDURES6-16.1.16-1WdCMOTO A044-02/2S/93-D1recycled paperQuantitative Analytical Procedures.FINALEcology and environment6.1.2Sample Preparation Methods6-16.1.3Preventive Maintenance6-26.1.4Calibration Procedures and Frequency6-26.2INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS6-26.3PROCEDURES USED TO ASSESS DATA ACCURACY,PRECISION, AND COMPLETENESS6-66.3.1Accuracy6-66.3.2Precision6-66.3.3Completeness6-76.3.4Representativeness6-86.3.5Method Detection Limits6-86.46.5CORRECTIVE ACTION6-86.4.1Laboratory Situations6-86.4.2Documentation6-10DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION,AND REPORTING .6-106.5.1Data Reduction6-106.5.2Data Validation6-126.5.3Data Reporting6-12CHEMICAL DATA QUALITYMANAGEMENT DELIVERABLES7-17.1DAILY FIELD QUALITY CONTROL REPORTS7-17.2BORING AND WELL CONSTRUCTION LOGS7-17.3DEPARTURES FROM APPROVED PLANS7-17.4FINAL INVESTIGATION REPORT7-1REFERENCES8-1VIIfcKWOTO AW44K/25/93-D1FINALAppendixAANALYTESA-lBSUBSURFACE EXPLORATION EQUIPMENT ANDPROCEDURESB-lcSAMPLE LABELS AND CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY FORMSDFIELD AUDIT CHECKLIST....C-lD-lVll19:KW070_A04470 A044-02/19/93-D1FINALGrazing animals, specifically caribou, may be exposed to potentially contaminated materialsatop Sevuokuk Mountain. Additionally, there are large populations of migratory and residentbirds on the Island who~may eat potentially contaminated material.3.1.4 Contaminants of ConcernIt has been determined through background research, a site reconnaissance, interviewswith local residents, and previous sampling that the potential contaminants of concern, mostof which are buried, include:•Containerized POL;•Containerized PCBs;•Spilled or discarded POL;•Spilled or discarded PCBs;•Human waste (bacteriological);•Containerized miscellaneous chemical solvents;•Batteries and corrosives;•Breakdown products of incompletely combusted PCBs (TCDD and TCDF);•Leached metals in soil/sediment and water; and•Asbestos.The scope of previous investigations was limited; therefore, only limited analysis wasperformed. Based upon site history, more contaminants are suspected to be present than thosepreviously analyzed for.3.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVESince remediation of hazardous conditions is the ultimate goal of the DERP program, theproject objective shall be to provide sufficient data to determine whether a hazard existsaccording to the guidelines of the DERP program, and to develop a remedial design, wherenecessary, with minimal additional investigation. Therefore, the objective of this CDAP will3-219:KP60TO_A044-02/19/93-Dlrecycled pspsr,FINALbe to gather sufficient chemical, geophysical, and hydrological data to identify and characterize areas requiring remediation and to develop remedial alternatives.3.3 PROJECT DATA ACQUISITION APPROACHTo accomplish the stated project objective, the following approach was adopted:•The project area was divided into distinct sites based on selection criteria,such as previous use as a landfill, stained areas, debris, etc.;•Only those sites with a potential for exhibiting the contaminants of concernwere selected for further characterization;•Within each site, only those matrices that have an impact on potentialreceptors were selected for sampling;•Sampling points were selected, or guidance for field selection provided,based on sound characterization practices such as background comparison,site representation, postulation of possible extent of contamination, etc.;•Analytical methods and parameters were chosen to be cost effective andprovide the maximum coverage of the contaminants of concern without goingbeyond design needs;•Detection limits were chosen to provide information required to determinewhether cleanup levels and/or COE quality criteria have been met; and•Field and laboratory QC measures were chosen incorporated to provideinformation necessary to validate analytical data.3.4 PROJECT DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVESThe data quality objectives (DQOs) for this project will be the method detection limits foreach parameter measured. Tables 3-1 through 3-5 summarize the DQOs for each matrix.For all groundwater analytical parameters, the method detection limits will be sufficient tomeet Alaska water quality criteria 18 AAC 70, Register 119.Petroleum product cleanup levels for soil are in the Interim Guidance for nonunderground storage tank contaminated soil cleanup levels dated July 1991. For this project,the matrix score cleanup level will have to be determined on a site-by-site basis. DQOs wereselected to meet the most stringent (Level A) matrix score cleanup levels. These are:100 mg/kg for diesel-range petroleum hydrocarbons (DRO), 50 mg/kg for gasoline-rangepetroleum hydrocarbons (GRO), 0.1 mg/kg for benzene, and 10 mg/kg for total benzene,3-319rKP607D A044-02/19/93-D1FINALtoluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The PCB cleanup level for soil is 10 mg/kgaccording to TSCA, and therefore a DQO of 1 mg/kg is sufficient. (This level is approximately 10 times the method detection limit for PCBs.)3-419:KP6070_A044-02/19/93-Dl"SCyd'SC paps7FINAL.Page 1 of 1TABLE 3-1DQO SUMMARY FORM - SOILi.GambellSt. Lawrence IslandNAME:LOCATION:2.3.X"""^MEDIA(Circle one)USE(Circle allthat apply)OTHERC^SOILVGWSW/SEDAIRBIORISKASSESS.EVALALTS.ENG'GDESIGNPRPDETER.MONITORINGREMEDIALACTION/^OTE\/ CHARAC. 1\^(H&S;^/4.OBJECTIVE: Determine nature and extent of contamination.5.SITE INFORMATIONOTHERAREA: 6.5 square milesDEPTH TO GROUND WATER: approximately 4-11 feetGROUND WATER USE: drinking water wellsSOIL TYPES: loose, well-rounded medium-coarse granitic sand and gravelSENSITIVE RECEPTORS: children (direct contact, consumption), grazing animals (caribou)6.DATA TYPESB. PHYSICAL DATAA. ANALYTICAL DATApHVOCMETALSEXPLOSIVESAsh ContentBTUBTEX7.GROPCBBNASULFATESTotal SulfurIgnitabilityMOISTURE CONTENTATTERBURG LIMITSGRAIN SIZESAMPLING METHODGRABBIASED8.DROTCLPDIOXINTRPHTOCTOXANALYTICAL LEVELSLEVEL 1 FIELD SCREENING - EQUIPMENT: HNu or OVALEVEL 2 FIELD ANALYSIS - EQUIPMENT: NALEVEL 3 NON-CLP LABORATORY - METHODS: 8260, 8270, 1311, 6000/7000, M-8015(AK101.0), M8100(AK102), 8290,8330, 8080, C117, 9073, 9045, 375.4, D2216, ASTM-D2974-87, ASTM-D1552, 9060, ASTM-D240, 1010, 9020, 8020LEVEL4CLP/RAS-METHODS: NALEVEL 5 NON STANDARD: NA9.SAMPLING PROCEDURESBACKGROUND: One representative sample for each soil type for each parameter of interest (a total of two surface soil and twosubsurface soil samples are proposed).CRITICAL (LIST): NAPROCEDURES: NA10. QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLESA. FIELDB. LABORATORYCOLOCATED (VOC analysis only) - 10% QC/10% QAREPLICATE- 10% QC/10% QAFIELD BLANK (rinsate) - 1 per sampling equipment typeTRIP BLANK - 1 PER DAY OR: NAREAGENT BLANK - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%REPLICATE - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%MATRIX SPIKE/MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE - 1 PERANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%OTHER:19:KP6070-A044«2/25/93-DIrecycled paperecology and environment3-5Page 1 of 1TABLE 3-2DQO SUMMARY FORM - GROUND WATER1.2.3.-SITENAME:LOCATION:GambellSt. Lawrence IslandMEDIA(Circle one)USE(Circle allthat apply)OTHER/SITE}(cHARAC.J\^H&S^/SOIL(^ GW )SW/SEDAIRBIORISKASSESS.EVALALTS.ENG'GDESIGNPRPDETER.MONITORINGREMEDIALACTION4.OBJECTIVE: Determine nature and extent of contamination.5.SITE INFORMATION\AREA: 6.5 square milesDEPTH TO GROUND WATER: approximately 4-1 1 feetGROUND WATER USE: drinking water wellsSOIL TYPES: loose, well-rounded medium-coarse granitic sand and gravelSENSITIVE RECEPTORS: humans6.DATATYPESA. ANALYTICAL DATApHCONDUCTIVITYVOCBNANITRATEAMMONIAALKALINITY7.SULFATEPCBMETALSBACTERIAGROTRPHHARDNESSOTHERB. PHYSICAL DATATDSTSSBODCODDROEXPLOSIVESSAMPLING METHODBIASED8.=GRABANALYTICAL LEVELSLEVEL 1 FIELD SCREENING - EQUIPMENT: HNU or OVALEVEL 2 FIELD ANALYSIS - EQUIPMENT: pH, conductivity, temperature, turbidityLEVEL 3 NON-CLP LABORATORY - METHODS: 9132, 8270, 9073, 8260, 8080, 8330, M-8015(AK101.0), M-8100(AK102),6000/7000, 524-2, 352, 350, 375, 908, 405, 410, 160, SM908, 150, 310.1, 130.1LEVEL 4 CLP/RAS-METHODS: NALEVEL 5 NON STANDARD: NA9.SAMPLING PROCEDURESBACKGROUND: One for groundwater matrix for each parameter Of interestCRITICAL (LIST): NAPROCEDURES: NA10. QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLESB. LABORATORYA. FIELDCOLOCATED (VOC analysis only) - 10% QC/10% QAREPLICATE - 10% QC/10% QAFIELD BLANK (rinsate) - 1 per sampling equipment typeTRIP BLANK - 1 PER DAY OR: per aqueous VOC sampleshipment19:KP«70-AO*W»2/25/W-Dl3-6REAGENT BLANK - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%REPLICATE - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%MATRIX SPDwE/MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE - 1 PERANALYSIS 3jVTCHOR: 5%OTHER:Page 1 of 1TABLE 3-3DQO SUMMARY FORM - SEDIMENT1.2.3.-SUENAME:LOCATION:GambellSt. Lawrence IslandOTHERMEDIA(Circle one)USE(Circle allthat apply)SITECHARAC.(H&S)SOILGWSW/SEDAIRBIORISKASSESS.EVALALTS.ENG'GDESIGNPRPDETER.MONITORINGREMEDIALACTION4.OBJECTIVE: Determine nature and extent of contamination.5.SITE INFORMATIONOTHERAREA: 6.5 square milesDEPTH TO GROUND WATER: approximately 4-11 feetGROUND WATER USE: drinking water wellsSOIL TYPES: loose, well-rounded medium-coarse granitic sand and gravelSENSITIVE RECEPTORS: children (direct contact, consumption), flora, fauna (subsistence lifestyle)6.DATATYPESA. ANALYTICAL DATAB. PHYSICAL DATAPCS7.SAMPLING METHODBIASED8.GRABANALYTICAL LEVELSLEVEL 1 FIELD SCREENING - EQUIPMENT: HNu or OVALEVEL 2 FIELD ANALYSIS - EQUIPMENT: NALEVEL 3 NON-CLP LABORATORY - METHODS: 8080LEVEL 4 CLP/RAS-METHODS: NALEVEL 5 NON STANDARD: NA9.SAMPLING PROCEDURESBACKGROUND: One representative sediment sample for each parameter of interestCRITICAL (LIST):PROCEDURES:10. QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLESA. FIELDB. LABORATORYCOLOCATED (VOC analysis only) - 10% QC/10% QAREPLICATE - 10% QC/10% QAFIELD BLANK (rinsate) - 1 per sampling equipment typeTRIP BLANK - 1 PER DAY OR: NAREAG ENT BLANK - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%REPLICATE - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%MATRJX SPIKE/MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE - 1 PERANALYSIS BATCH OR: 5%OTHE1R:l9:KP6070-A044-02/26/93-DIrecycled paper3-7ecology and environmentPage 1 of 1TABLE 3-4DQO SUMMARY FORM - ASBESTOS1.SUENAME:LOCATION:2.GambellSt. Lawrence IslandMEDIA(Circle one)3.,USE/SITE\(Circle allCHARAClthat apply) \(HAS)/^~^N/OTHER )SOILGWSW/SEDAIRBIOVASBESTOS/RISKASSESS.EVALALTS.ENG'GDESIGNPRPDETER.MONITORINGREMEDIALACTIONOTHER4.OBJECTIVE: Determine nature and extent of contamination.5.SITE INFORMATIONAREA: 6.5 square milesDEPTH TO GROUND WATER: approximately 4-1 1 feetGROUND WATER USE: drinking water wellsSOIL TYPES: loose, well-rounded medium-coarse granitic sand and gravelSENSITIVE RECEPTORS: flora, fauna, and humans (subsistence lifestyle)6.DATATYPESA. ANALYTICAL DATAB. PHYSICAL DATAASBESTOS7.SAMPLING METHODBIASED8.GRABANALYTICAL LEVELSLEVEL 1 FIELD SCREENING - EQUIPMENT: NALEVEL 2 FIELD ANALYSIS - EQUIPMENT: NALEVEL 3 NON-CLP LABORATORY - METHODS: NALEVEL 4 CLP/RAS-METHODS: NALEVEL 5 NON STANDARD: Polarized Light Microscope (PLM)9.SAMPLING PROCEDURESBACKGROUND: NACRITICAL (LIST):PROCEDURES:10. QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLESB. LABORATORYA. FIELDREAG ENT BLANK - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: NAREPL1GATE - 1 PER ANALYSIS BATCH OR: NAMATEJX SPIKE/MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATE - 1 PERANAL YSIS BATCH OR: NAOTHER:COLOCATED (VOC analysis only) - 10% QCREPLICATE - 5% OR: NAFIELD BLANK - 5% OR: NATRIP BLANK - 1 PER DAY OR: NA19:KP6070-A04W)2/25/W-D!3-84. PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONAL AREA RESPONSIBILITIESA contractor and COE project team organization chart to implement this CDAP ispresented in Figure 4-1. This organization chart will serve as a basis for discussion as toteam makeup and distribution of responsibilities.Corporate SupportThe corporate support group within the project organization includes the contractor'scorporate management, project director, report production, QA department, and Health andSafety department. The responsibilities here are to offer guidance, review, and supportservices as requested by the project manager or required by corporate policy.Technical Project DirectorThe technical project director has overall responsibility for ensuring that the projectmeets COE objectives and quality standards. The technical project director is responsible foroverall coordination and scheduling of all project activities and for communicating with COE.Contractor's Project ManagerThe contractor's project manager is responsible for the contracted scope of work. Allelements of the scope must be completed on time, within budget, with high quality, and in asafe manner. The coordination of this effort is the project manager's responsibility. Thecontractor's project manager is also the direct link to the COE Project Manager and isresponsible for keeping him or her informed at all times through required progress reportsand project deliverables.4-1!9:KP«070_A044«2/19/«-DIFINALChief InvestigatorThe chief investigator is the field team leader and primary report writer. The chiefinvestigator is responsible for field team compliance with the CDAP, its procedures, anddeliverables. Also, the chief investigator is responsible for documentation of all on-siteactivities. Should any deviations from the CDAP be deemed necessary in the field, the chiefinvestigator must provide justification for the same to the COE project manager prior totaking such action.Quality Assurance OfficerThe QA officer is responsible for assessing the implementation of the CDAP in supportof the project. The QA officer is independent of the project and does not report directly tothe project manager. The QA officer conducts formal QA audits to evaluate the contractor'spersonnel training and implementation of project quality control protocols, and ensures that alldocuments produced meet COE standards.Site Safety OfficerThe responsibilities of the site safety officer include implementation of the site safety planthrough safety meetings, personnel monitoring, operational monitoring, and first aid, if necessary. The site safety officer is responsible to the corporate health and safety managerregarding policy and to the chief investigator regarding field activities. The site safety officeris also responsible for maintaining the site safety logbook.Project ChemistThe project chemist will serve as the primary QA check on field activities, ensuringsamples are labeled, packaged, and shipped according to protocol. In addition, the projectchemist is responsible for assessing and summarizing the accuracy, precision, and reliabilityof data to determine its usability, and for documenting any factors affecting data usability forthe historical record.Field Investigation PersonnelAs shown in the project organization chart, it is anticipated that in order to accomplishthe entire CDAP in one field season (i.e., late June to August), functional responsibilities4-219:KP«nO A044-02/19/93-D1FINALwould be divided into sampling and drilling. Individual duties would vary for the fieldinvestigation team depending on a matrix or site approach. The geologist will direct the COEdrilling team, log all wells, assess geology through the use of borehole split-spoon samples,perform geophysical surveys, and prepare appropriate sections of any and all reports. Thegeologist will also assist the field investigation team in the subsurface soil and groundwatersampling. Surveying will be conducted by COE who will record all well placements, provideall necessary sampling grid layouts, record sample locations, and provide any other surveyingcalled for by the CDAP or directed by the chief investigator. The field investigation teamwill perform all sampling procedures, decontamination of sampling equipment, materialhandling, and field documentation as called for in the CDAP. The report preparation relatedto this work will also be the responsibility of the field investigation team.4-3t9:KP«070J«>+»-02/19/93-DlFINAL~1tFigure 4-1PROJECT ORGANIZATION CHARTKP3761415. FIELDWORK METHODOLOGIES/FIELDACTIVITIES5.1 GENERAL INFORMATIONAs a result of the 1986 URS investigation, E & E's 1991 and 1992 site reconnaissancevisits, and interviews with people who lived at Gambell throughout DOD occupation, 18 siteswere preliminarily identified as potentially qualifying for the DERP program. Of these, 12have been selected for the sampling program due to the possible presence of either hazardousand toxic waste (HTW) or containerized HTW. Previous reports and information supplied byCOE indicate that the primary contaminants of concern are POLs, PCBs, miscellaneouschemicals (including metals, asbestos, and possibly dioxins), and persistent pathogens. URScollected a limited number of soil and water samples during their 1985 site reconnaissance.Soil samples were analyzed for PCBs only, and none were detected. Surface water andgroundwater samples were analyzed for water quality parameters, PCBs, volatile organiccompounds (VOC), and metals. The analytical results did not indicate any significantcontamination, except for some oil and grease in most samples.Sites were selected for sampling for this CDAP using the following criteria:•Historical evidence of DOD occupation or use;•Historical evidence of use or disposal of hazardous substances;•Evidence that an area was burned; and•Evidence of visible staining.The field investigation has been designed to determine:•Presence of contamination at each potential source,•Nature of contamination, and•Possible contaminant migration pathways.5-1I9:KP«)TO_A044O2/19/93-DlFINALHowever, determinations on the nature and extent of contamination are limited to theinvestigated areas. Sufficient data will be gathered to make a preliminary evaluation ofremedial alternatives. The field investigation was designed in this manner to limit the needfor additional sampling efforts because of the high cost of mobilizing sampling equipment andpersonnel to St. Lawrence Island.Tables 5-1 and 5-2 summarize the number of samples to be collected and the analyses tobe performed at Gambell.Analytical parameters have been established according to the suspected contaminantcharacteristics of each site. Additional parameters, discussed in the following paragraphs andsummarized in Table 5-1, were selected to provide guidance for formulating remedialalternatives. Results from these analyses will not be used to quantitatively characterizepotential contamination; therefore, no discussion of remedial parameters is presented in thereports summarizing E & E 1991 and 1992 site reconnaissance visits.Potentially contaminated areas will be screened with a flame ionization detector (FID)and observed for staining or other evidence of POL contamination (e.g. stressed vegetation).Resultant samples will be collected and analyzed for some or all of the following parameters:GRO, DRO, VOC, metals-toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) for soil samples,and total metals for aqueous sediment samples. VOC and in some case metals analyses willbe reserved for samples with high petroleum content as indicated by field screening (seeSection 5.4.4.2). At sites where transformers are present or were present historically, or inareas where there is suspected used-oil contamination, samples will also be analyzed forPCBs. Ordnance burial sites will not be specifically sampled, but samples may be collected inthe vicinity of the buried ordnance for explosives residues. Samples collected from burn siteswill also be analyzed for dioxins and base/neutral/acid extractable (BNA) compounds. Bulksamples of building or insulation materials collected in debris areas will be tested for asbestoscontent. Other analyses will be performed on samples according to site-specificcharacteristics.Parameters selected for remedial design purposes were based on available remediationtechnologies suited to the unique climate, soil characteristics, potential contamination, andremoteness of the Gambell site. Bioremediation parameters were not included since siteconditions limit the feasibility of this remedial alternative. For surface and subsurface soils,the following parameters are proposed for analysis: moisture content, grain size, ash, total5-219:KP6070 A044-02/19/93-D1r-oewc^c [Dgioisr„.FINALeecsogy arcei eit^iuro^riree:^;sulfur, total organic carbon (TOC), British thermal unit (BTU) content, ignitability, Atterburglimits, total organic halides (TOX), and aromatic volatile organics (VOCs). The followingparameters are proposed for groundwater samples: alkalinity, hardness, total metals(magnesium, calcium, and total and dissolved iron). In order to provide representativeanalysis of soils and groundwater, approximately 10 to 20 percent of all samples will beanalyzed for the remediation parameters mentioned above. This sampling frequency can bemodified by the field team during the field investigation based on soil and groundwatercharacteristics.5.2 PROJECT AREA SITE DESCRIPTIONSLittle evidence remains of the military installations in Gambell. Most facilities weredemolished and buried in place; the materials remaining on the surface include but are notlimited to, landing mat, barrels, and cables. Eighteen sites allegedly occupied by DOD havebeen identified in or near the Village of Gambell, except Site No. 14 which is locatedapproximately seven miles south of Gambell (Figure 5-1).•Site No. 1: North Beach;•Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations Site;•Site No. 3: Former Communication Facility;•Site No. 4: Sevuokuk Mountain;•Site No. 5: Former Tramway Site;•Site No. 6: Military Landfill;•Site No. 7: Former Military Power Facility;•Site No. 8: West Beach;•Site No. 9: Asphalt Barrel Cache;•Site No. 10: Sevuokuk Mountain Trail System;•Site No. 11: Communication Cable Route;•Site No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal Site;•Site No. 13: Former Radar Power Station;5-3I9:KP««0_A044-02/19/93-DtFINAL•Site No. 14: Navy Plane Crash Site;•Site No. 15: Troutman Lake Ordnance Burial Site;•Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building Area;•Site No. 17: Army Landfills; and•Site No. 18: Former Main Camp.Of these only 16 potentially qualify for DERP-funded cleanup or investigation. Twelveof the 16 potentially qualify for DERP-funded investigations.The following sections describe the existing knowledge about suspected hazardoussubstances associated with alleged military activity at each site. In addition, the objectivesand rationale are stated for the investigation of each site.5.2.1 Site No. 1: North BeachNorth Beach extends approximately 7,000 feet along the north shoreline of St. LawrenceIsland, from the base of Sevuokuk Mountain to West Beach (Site No. 8) (see Figure 5-2).The apparent north to south dimension of the site varies from approximately 300 to 560 feet.North Beach includes two areas of reported buried debris associated with the former militarylanding areas. North Beach is largely undeveloped, except for the area immediatelysurrounding the Village of Gambell. Local residents often fish along the beach and rideATVs throughout the site. In the vicinity of the Village there is a human waste landfill whichis under construction, a drum dump, and a partially fenced landfill which is in use. The drumdump includes rusty aboveground tanks and household refuse (E & E 1992). A previousinvestigation indicated that the drum dump was possibly a military drum dump (URS 1985).During the current investigation, Mr. James stated that the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) used this area for drum disposal (E & E 1992)The Air Force and Army reportedly operated separate Landing Areas within Site No. 1.Each Landing Area allegedly used dead-man anchors to anchor barges off shore. There isvery little surficial debris from the base of the mountain west to the Air Force Landing Area(E & E 1992).The Air Force Landing Area is reportedly located adjacent to the beach berm,approximately 900 feet west of the 100-foot contour of Sevuokuk Mountain. (Generally, the5-419-JCP60TO A044^)2/19/M-D1recycTsc! paperFINALbeach berm is represented by the 10-foot contour line shown in Figure 5-2.) The Air ForceLanding Area is approximately 275 feet by 80 feet. Near the northeast corner of the AirForce Landing Area, within the beach berm, is a decaying drum, black oil or tar-likematerial, and rust-stained gravel. In addition, there is a 5-foot by 4-foot patch of tar-stainedgravel near the center of this area. An area of rust-colored gravel is visible in an ATV roadthat is oriented east to west and bisects the southern third of the area. Mr. James claims thatthere are buried drums of heavy weight oils, tars, and asphalt in Air Force Landing Area(E & E 1992).The Army Landing Area is allegedly located immediately east of an area persistentlyused to beach whaling boats. Mr. James estimated that the Army Landing Area isapproximately 410 feet by 340 feet, and two well established ATV roads bisect the area. Theroads have sinuous patterns, and both begin near the northeast corner of the area. One roadexits the area near the midpoint of the southern boundary, and the other exits the area nearthe midpoint of the western boundary. There are reportedly dead-man anchors, enginesformerly used to run pulley systems, and a 100-foot crane buried in the Army Landing Area.A pit containing drums, landing mat, and weasel track is located in the northeast corner of theArmy Landing Area near the junction of the two ATV roads (E & E 1992).The Army Landing Area is characterized by small round gravel mounds, many of whichinclude small metal/rust fragments from deteriorating material. Debris is scattered betweenthe Air Force Landing Area and Army Landing Area, and it is concentrated on the beachfront and near the berm (E & E 1992).The proposed field investigation will attempt to delineate the boundaries of the landingareas with a geophysical survey and it will include the collection of surface and subsurfacesoil and groundwater samples. Soil borings will be drilled and monitoring wells installedwithin the landing areas and around the perimeter of the area. Surface soil samples will becollected in areas of stained soil. Surface and subsurface soil samples will be analyzed forPOLs, BNAs, PCBs, and metals. Groundwater samples will be analyzed for POLs, VOCs,PCBs, and metals.5.2.2 Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations AreaThe Former Military Housing and Operations Site includes: A Former Military'Housing/Operations Burial Area, a Power Plant Burial Area, and an Ordnance Burial Site, all5-519:KP6070 A044-02/19/W-D1FINALof which are located in the southeast portion of the site (see Figure 5-3). The FormerHousing/Operations Area is approximately 365 feet by 150 feet. The Ordnance Burial Site isreportedly located at the southern end of the Former Housing/Operations Area. Mr. Jamesestimated that the Power Plant Burial Area is approximately 110 feet by 70 feet (E & E1992).All facilities associated with these areas were reportedly demolished and the debris wasburied at Site No. 2. The Former Housing/Operations Area included two rows of six quonsethuts oriented north to south. North of the quonset huts was a mess hall and a utility building.The utility building contained showers and a day room. The remnants of an apparentfireplace and a concrete pad; pieces of burned wood, and metal debris are scatteredthroughout the Area. There are two locations of discolored gravel in the FormerHousing/Operations Burial Area; one apparently rust-stained area is located in the northeastcorner and the other 2-foot-square area is located near the center of the area and includesburned wood (E & E 1992).The Ordnance Burial Site reportedly contains twenty-mm ammunition, 30- and 50-calibreammunition, carbine ammunition, and hand grenades in metal and creosote-coated woodenboxes buried approximately 6 feet bgs (E & E 1992).East of the Former Housing/Operations Area was a small power plant. The power plantand all associated machinery were reportedly buried in the Former Power Plant Burial Area.On the surface of the former Power Plant Burial Area is a large gear, and rectangular metalboxes are located in the southeast corner of the area. Part of a tiltdozer blade protrudes fromthe ground at the northwest corner of this area. Adjacent to the tiltdozer blade is a portion ofa weasel track and rusted metal fragments. The underlying gravel is rust stained (E & E1992).North of the Former Housing/Operations Area is mounded gravel that reportedly coversthe remains of a buried machine gun nest. Fibrous material which may potentially containasbestos was observed in the gravel mound during the site inventory. Mr. James explainedthat the machine gunners would sit on this material to insulate themselves from the ground(E & E 1992).The field investigation will attempt to identify the locations of the buried debris with ageophysical survey and include collection of surface soil, subsurface soil, and groundwatersamples for analysis. Wells will be drilled within and around the perimeters of the Former5-619:KP6070 A044-02/19/93-D1recycled caps?FINALMilitary Housing/Operations Burial Area and the Power Plant Burial Area to determinewhether contamination of soil and groundwater has occurred. No subsurface investigationwill occur hi the Ordnance Burial Site. Surface soil samples will be collected in areas ofstained gravel. A sample of the fibrous material present near the reported machine gun nestwill be collected for asbestos analysis. Although no boreholes will be drilled at the OrdnanceBurial Site, all subsurface soil and groundwater samples collected in the vicinity of the sitewill be analyzed for nitrogen compounds and metals which could be leaching from the buriedordnance.5.2.3 Site No. 3: Former Communication FacilityThe Former Communications Facility Site is located parallel to the 100-foot contour ofSevuokuk Mountain. It extends from the southeast corner of North Beach (Site No. 1) to thenorth boundary of the former Tramway Site (Site No. 5) (see Figure 5-4). The site has anorth-to-south dimension of 1,875 feet, and an east-to-west dimension that varies from 250feet to 435 feet. The Site includes debris (drums and drum remnants) scattered the entirelength of the Site and the area in which the communications facility was buried (E & E1992).The suspected Former Communications Facility Burial Area is a slightly irregularrectangular area of approximately 75 feet by 45 feet. Two Jamesway huts and a 10- to 15-kwpower plant are reportedly buried in the area. The power plant probably contained auxiliarygenerators, transformers, oils, fuels, and batteries which may have been buried in the area.In addition, approximately twelve 5- to 10-gallon glass carboys of sulfuric acid werereportedly buried on site (URS 1986; E & E 1992).Currently, one drum, some pipe, anchors for guy wire, and 275-gallon tank are scatteredon the surface, most of which are located on the eastern half of the Burial Area. A 1.5-inchdiameter PVC well point, apparently from the URS investigation, is located near the center ofthe area. In contrast to the URS findings, there is no apparent staining or stressed vegetationremains in the suspected burial area (URS 1986 and E & E 1992).The proposed field investigation will attempt to identify the locations of the buried debrisand potential HTW with a geophysical survey, and it will include collection of subsurface soiland groundwater samples. The demolition and burial of generators, transformers, oils, fuels,and acids at this site poses a potential for PCB contamination, oil spillage, and acid leakage.5-719JCP60TO A04«)2/19/93-DlFINALDuring the URS investigation a single surface soil grab sample was collected and analyzedonly for PCBs. PCBs were not detected above a detection limit of 0.5 part per million (ppm)(URS 1986). Given the additional potential contaminants, lead and other heavy metals andsulfates may be present. The field investigation will consist of drilling a well within thesuspected burial area. Subsurface soil and groundwater samples will be analyzed for POLs,metals, PCBs, and sulfates. The URS well point will not be sampled because the well is notsecure.5.2.4 Site No. 4: Sevuokuk MountainThe Sevuokuk Mountain Site occupies an extensive area of the top and uppermostwestern flank of Sevuokuk Mountain. However, the remains of alleged DOD activity areconcentrated in three locations: the Former Air Force Radar Station Area, the remains of twoquonset huts and the surrounding area, and the area containing three transformers andmiscellaneous debris (see Figure 5-4). Site No. 4 occupies an area that is approximately4,175 feet north to south and ranges from 965 feet to 3,125 feet west to east. The FormerAir Force Radar Station is an irregularly-shaped area located at the northern end of the site;the Former Quonset Hut Area is located near the middle of the site No. 4; and thetransformers and miscellaneous debris are located within a stream drainage near the southwestcorner of the site (E & E 1992).Power cables were reportedly strung from the Former Military Power Facility (Site No.7) to secondary transformers at the base of the mountain at the Tramway Site (Site No. 5),along a drainage course on the west flank of Sevuokuk Mountain, and up to a set of tertiarytransformers, the quonset huts, and the Air Force Radar Station in Site No. 4. The Navyreportedly placed sonar cables along the Communications Cable Route (Site No. 11) from theFormer Military Power Facility (Site No. 7) to the same drainage course and up the mountainto the radar station and several other locations. Although there is no evidence of the powercable, it is reportedly buried at the former Tramway Site (Site No. 5). Sonar cable andremnants of structures remain on the west flank of Sevuokuk Mountain below Site No. 4(E & E 1992).The Air Force Radar Station Area is an approximate 375-foot by 500-foot area at thenorth end of Sevuokuk Mountain. The Air Force Radar Station burned and its debrisremain. Mr. James claims that ordnance exploded when the station burned, thereby scattering5-8debris. There is a 30-foot-square area of stained soil near the center of the Air Force RadarStation that contains scattered rusted debris and burned timbers (E & E 1992).Along the western edge of the mountain ridge near the middle of Site No. 4 is the 65foot by 75-foot quonset hut area. It contains frames of two fallen quonset huts, 55-gallondrums filled with gravel used as tie-downs for the quonset huts, and one transformer. The55-gallon drums surround the former building and the transformer sits on the ground east ofthe former quonset huts. Although the transformer is labeled as a dry-type transformer, itscoils are coated with an oily substance. Some white friable material (potential ACM) remainsin piles 20 feet north of the quonset huts.Approximately 100 yards north northeast of the former quonset huts are guy wires, guywire anchors, poles, and radar dish support legs. Approximately 50 yards northeast of thequonsets huts is a pile of decaying cans. Approximately 500 feet south of the quonset hutremains is an area of drums and debris. There are 55-gallon drums, barbed wire, anammeter/voltmeter, pipes, and a transformer. There was no visible staining near thetransformer. Southeast of the drum and debris area is a 10 Kilowatt generator and severaldrums with no visible staining on the surrounding soil (E & E 1992).The area containing three transformers and miscellaneous debris is located at thesouthwest corner of Site No. 4. The area is on a ledge below the quonset hut remains on thewest flank of the mountain. Three empty electrical transformer casings lie within amountainside drainage. There was no visibly stained soil near the transformers. Northeast ofthe transformers are miscellaneous debris that includes rusted support structures for a quonsethut, drums, sonar cable, spools of sonar cable and wire, sheet metal, and a guy wire anchor.Debris extends eastward to the ledge below the drum and debris area (E & E 1992).There were no indications of a previously reported oil spill at Site No. 4 (E & E 1992).During the previous investigation, a single soil grab sample was collected at a reported oilspill site and analyzed for PCBs. The sample did not contain PCBs at a concentration abovethe detection limit (URS 1986). During the field investigation, another attempt should beconducted to located the reported oil spill area. If it is located, surface soil samples will becollected from the apparent spill area and analyzed for metals and PCBs. During the fieldinvestigation, surface soil samples will be collected from the area of stained soil at the FormerAu- Force Radar Station and analyzed for TRPH, dioxins, PCBs, BNAs, and TCLP metals.5-919:KP«>70 A04«Z/25/93-DlFr8cvc!sdDaDQf"K^KFINAL«ecologyandi environmentThe transformer casings indicate the potential for PCB contamination. However, a singlesoil grab sample collected from the transformers in the mountainside drainage during the URSinvestigation did not contain PCBs at concentrations above the detection limit (URS 1986).Surface soil or sediment samples will be collected at each of the transformer locations toconfirm the presence or absence of PCBs. A sample of the white friable material located nearthe quonset huts will be collected and analyzed for bulk asbestos.5.2.5 Site No. 5: Former Tramway SiteThe Former Tramway Site extends approximately 2,400 feet from the southeast corner ofthe Former Military Power Facility (Site No. 7) to the southwest corner of Site No. 4 (seeFigure 5-5). The north to south dimension of Site No. 5 varies from approximately 125 feetto 315 feet. The Former Tramway Site includes two areas of suspected debris and potentialHTW burial that are referred to as the Cable Burial Area and the Secondary TransformerBurial Area. The Cable Burial Area is approximately 100-feet by 55-feet, and the SecondaryTransformer Burial Area is approximately 70 feet by 50 feet (E & E 1992).Remnants of the steel cable, sonar cable and miscellaneous metal debris from a militarytramway remain on the mountain east of the burial areas. Power cables extended from theprimary transformers at the Former Military Power Facility (Site No. 7) to secondarytransformers at the base of the mountain to the tertiary transformers on the mountain ridge,and reportedly continued to the quonset huts and the Air Force radar station in Site No. 4.The Navy placed sonar cables up the mountain that followed the same route, which is knownas the Communications Cable Route (Site No. 11). Most of the tramway has been removedand the power cable is reportedly buried in the Cable Burial Area west of the SecondaryTransformer Burial Area (URS 1986; E & E 1992). There is no visible staining in this areaor in the Cable Burial Area.Six secondary transformers are reportedly buried near the base of the mountain (seeFigure 5-5). These transformers were reported to be 8 to 10 feet in height. No debris isvisible on the surface, but there is a mound in the middle of the area. An ATV trail extendsbetween the suspected burial areas (E & E 1992).Debris is scattered on the ground between the Former Military Power Facility (Site No.7) and the present power plant. The military reportedly buried bottles and cans of beer,5-1019:KP607D A044«2/25/93-DlFINALwhiskey, and soda pop near the power plant. Other debris in this area includes concrete,cable, miscellaneous metal objects, and drums.The proposed field investigation will attempt to identify the locations of the buriedtransformers and cable with a geophysical survey, and it will include the collection ofsubsurface soil and groundwater samples. Buried transformers at this site pose a potential forPCB contamination. The field investigation will include drilling wells and soil borings in adirection suspected to be downgradient of the identified burial areas and within the burialarea. Subsurface soil and groundwater samples will be analyzed for PCBs, GRO, DRO, andTRPH.5.2.6 Site No. 6:. Military LandfillThe Military Landfill is located north of Gambell High School. The Army reportedlyburied approximately 3,000 barrels of lime-stabilized human waste in an estimated 275-footby 135-foot area (see Figure 5-5). According to Mr. James, the Army excavated an area atthis site to a depth equal to the height of a drum. Over a period of six years, the Army filledthe excavation from south to north, placing drums side by side (E & E 1992). Landfilledmaterial may have included materials generated from the Former Military Power and FormerCommunication Facility (Site Nos. 7 and 3, respectively) (URS 1986).The entire landfill surface is characterized by mounded gravel. Drum tops and remnantsof approximately 20 drums protrude through the gravel surface throughout the site (seeAppendix A). Two drums and weasel tracks are on the surface at the east end of the site. A1.5-inch-diameter PVC riser pipe, an apparent well point from the 1985 URS investigation, islocated in the southeast quadrant of the site. No organic vapors were detected using anOrganic Vapor Analyzer (OVA) in the well casing or from any of the exposed drums(E & E 1992).Particular concern is posed by Site No. 6 due to the site's proximity to the village andthe desirability of the area for future community growth (URS 1986).The proposed field investigation at this site will attempt to delineate the areal extent ofthe landfill with a geophysical survey, and it will include the collection of groundwatersamples. Soil borings will be drilled and monitoring wells installed around the perimeter ofthe site. Groundwater samples will be collected.5-1119:KP«070_A044-02/25/93-Dlarecycled P PerFINALecology and environmentTwo groundwater samples collected from this area during the URS investigation wereanalyzed for PCBs, none were present above detection limits. Samples collected during theproposed field investigation will be analyzed for a broader suite of analytes, including POLs,water quality parameters, coliform bacteria, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), andchemical oxygen demand (COD) to determine whether any human waste or other waste typeis migrating into groundwater. The URS well point will not be sampled because it is notsecure.5.2.7 Site No. 7: Former Military Power FacilityThe Former Military Power Facility was allegedly buried north of the municipal buildingin an estimated 375-foot by 85-foot area. The primary transformers associated with thefacility were reportedly buried within the 35-foot by 60-foot area in the southwest corner ofthe site (see Figure 5-5). An area of mounded gravel with protruding power cable, copperwire, and rusted metal is located within the Primary Transformer Burial Area (E & E 1992).A diesel/gasoline pipeline runs south from North Beach and branches east and west nearthe center of the site. There are seven areas of stained gravel on the west side of the pipejunction, and there is a concrete pad near the east end of the site. Burned wood, sonar cable,and landing mat are located near the concrete pad. Some residents remember a motor poolthat was adjacent to the concrete pad and an area next to the motor pool in which militarypersonnel worked on pipes (E & E 1992).The proposed field investigation will attempt to locate the buried remains of the facilityand transformers with a geophysical survey, and it will include the collection of surface soil,subsurface soil, and groundwater samples. Buried electrical equipment, includingtransformers, poses a potential for PCB and POL contamination of soil and groundwater atthe site. However, during the URS investigation, no PCBs were detected in either a soil grabsample from a small surface oil spill or a groundwater sample collected from a well south ofthe facility (URS 1986).During the proposed investigation soil borings will be drilled and monitoring wellsinstalled. Subsurface soil and groundwater samples will be collected to detect whethersubsurface contamination exists. These samples will be analyzed for POLs, PCBs, andmetals. Surface soil samples will be collected at several locations of fuel-stained gravel.These samples will be analyzed for POLs and metals.5-1219JCP60TO A044-02/25/93-D1FINAL5.2.8 Site No. 8: West BeachThe West Beach Site extends from the southwest end of North Beach to Nayvaghaq Lakealong the western shore for approximately 3 miles (see Figures 5-1, 5-2, and 5-6). Near thesouth end of the site, adjacent to the high water mark of Nayvaghaq Lake, is a previouslyundocumented Army Landfill. In addition, an Ordnance Burial Site in which the militaryburied approximately 1 ton of ordnance is reportedly located northwest of Nayvaghaq Lake(E & E 1992).The West Beach Site contains scattered metal debris (barrels and landing mat) and smallquantities of wood and concrete. Debris are scattered along an existing runway (especially onthe east side of the runway) south to the end of Troutman Lake, and west to the beach. Inaddition, erosion has exposed landing mat on the east side of the airstrip and road runningsouth from the airstrip. A 25-to 30-foot-wide layer of landing mat reportedly underlies theairstrip and road south of the airstrip for approximately, 4,500 feet. There is no apparent soilstaining, with the exception of rust, along the beach (E & E 1992).The Ordnance Burial Site is reportedly located approximately 225 feet east of theshoreline on West Beach. In either the fall 1956 or spring 1957, the military allegedly buriedcrates of live ammunition including hand grenades, 30-and 50-calibre shells, and TNTapproximately 3 to 6 feet bgs. Currently, the burial site contains two pits in the northwestcorner of the site and some surface debris. There is no visibly stained soil (E & E 1992).The Army Landfill adjacent to Nayvaghaq Lake is approximately 145 feet by 145 feet.The southern boundary of the area is the high water mark of the lake. The Army reportedlydug a hole and filled it with several loads of material, but never graded the area. Currently,there is no visible debris or stained soil on the surface, but there are two 4-foot pits on thesouth side of the suspected landfill area (E & E 1992).The proposed field investigation will attempt to delineate the boundaries of the landfillwith a geophysical survey, and it will include drilling a well downgradient of the landfill.Subsurface soil and groundwater samples will be collected and analyzed for POLs, PCBs, andmetals. The contractor will not sample, or in any way disturb, the Ordnance Burial Site withthe assumption that COE will refer this problem to the Explosive Ordnance DemolitionDivision.5-1319:KP6070_A0444>2/19/93-Dl>FINAL5.2.9 Site No. 9: Asphalt Barrel CacheThe Asphalt Barrel Cache is located on the east side of the airstrip. It was identified byURS as a former military site containing approximately 150 55-gallon leaking barrels ofasphalt. However, Mr. James claims that the site was not used by the military and that FAAused this area as barrel cache during airstrip construction. According to Mr. James, thebarrels were covered with gravel during a severe storm in fall 1990. Currently, there is littlesurficial evidence of the barrels except for scattered asphalt (E & E 1992).During the E & E site inventory, several deteriorating 55-gallon drums from which atar-like substance was leaking were observed. These drums are located an unspecifieddistance north of the approximate location of the Asphalt Barrel Cache. Mr. James claimsthat these are also the responsibility of FAA (E & E 1992).The proposed field investigations will not include samples at this location since it isreportedly FAA's responsibility aed DOD's as discussed above.W0T5.2.10 Site No. 10: Sevuokuk Mountain Trail SystemThe Sevuokuk Mountain Trail System Site consists of unpaved trails in the tundra fromatop Sevuokuk Mountain into the areas east and south of Nayvaghaq Lake (see Figure 5-1).The trail system originates at the southeast end of Troutman Lake and separates to formindividual trails to the north, south, and east. Individual trails to the north include two trailsthat provide access to the top of Sevuokuk Mountain; the westernmost trail is known as theArmy Trail, and the other trail is known as the Air Force Trail (E & E 1992). These trailsare marked by approximately 157 empty 55-gallon barrels in various conditions which arelocated approximately 200 feet apart (see Figure 5-1). Some drums reportedly containedpetroleum product that was subsequently salvaged by local residents. Several drums containedgravel, but most were empty. However, there was a tar-like substance leaking from one ofthe drums examined. Since not every drum was examined, other drums may containremaining product. Landing mat and weasel track are located near the top of the mountainalong the trail system (E & E 1992).Portions of the trail system near the base of the mountain are not marked by 55-gallonbarrels; however, a group of barrels was observed west of the trail system and east of SiteNo. 13. The drums may have accumulated in this area as a result of winds that blew the5-1419:KP6070_A044-02/19/93-Dlrecycled paperFINALdrums westward from the southern portion of the Sevuokuk Mountain Trail System (E & E1992).No surface samples are proposed at this site unless evidence of contamination, such asstressed vegetation, is discovered during the proposed field investigation.5.2.11 Site No. 11: Communication Cable RouteThe Communication Cable Route extends eastward approximately 2,700 feet from theFormer Military Power Facility (Site No. 7) across the Tramway Site (Site No. 5) to the baseof Sevuokuk Mountain (see Figure 5-1). Four sonar cables extend from the base of themountain to a destroyed Jamesway building that served as the Navy Sonar Pick-up Station.The building is located approximately 300 feet west of the Army Trail of Site No. 10 (notshown on figures)^ Most of the wood from buildings remains on the ground in piles with thesonar cable. Sonar cable formerly extended east from the former Navy Sonar Pick-up Stationacross the tundra approximately 6 miles to Dovelawik Bay, south 35 miles to Bunnell Cape,north to the top of Sevuokuk Mountain, and then down the mountain to the Bering Sea (seeFigure 5-1). Metal spools are placed at 0.25-mile intervals along each cable route. Mr.James said that the cable was used for sonar by the Navy to track Soviet submarines duringthe Cold War (E & E 1992).No soil or groundwater contamination is suspected with this site, therefore no sampleswill be collected from the Site No. 11.5.2.12 Site No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal SiteThe Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal Site is located south of Site No. 13 and north ofNayvaghaq Lake, on the southwest side of an ATV road which extends south from the airstrip(see Figures 5-1 and 5-6). This site includes two drum disposal areas, a North Area at theintersection of the ATV trails and a south area approximately 470 feet south (see Figure 5-6).The North Area contains approximately 120 drums, the remnants of 10 batteries, andhousehold refuse. Drums are concentrated near the road, but some are scattered westwardtoward Nayvaghaq Lake. The batteries are located at the north and south ends of the NorthArea. A shallow pit with standing water 30 feet west of the main drum area also contains adrum. An empty rusted can labeled "ethylene glycol" was also found in this area. There isno apparent staining in the drum area other than rust (E & E 1992).5-1519:KP6070 A044-02/19/93-D1FINALThe south area includes approximately 50 drums lying immediately adjacent to the westside of the road. There are also five or six drums scattered west of the main concentration ofdrums. There is no visible staining of the soil except for rust (E & E 1992). During highrunoff periods, Nayvaghaq Lake extends into this area. About 35% of the barrels containgarbage, with most filled to approximately one-third of capacity (URS 1986). The disposal ofbarrels in this area poses a potential for POL contamination. In addition, lead may be aconcern due to battery disposal at the site.The proposed field investigation in this area will attempt to determine whether there issurface and subsurface soil and groundwater contamination by drilling soil borings andinstalling monitoring wells around the perimeter of the disposal areas. Subsurface soil andgroundwater samples will be analyzed for POL and heavy metals. Surface soil samples willbe collected in the vicinity of discarded batteries and submitted for POL and metals analysis.5.2.13 Site No. 13: Former Radar Power StationThe Former Radar Power Station was located east of the pond located south of TroutmanLake (see Figure 5-6). This site was a military radar installation and was probably thetemporary AC&W site operated by the Air Force (URS 1986). The station reportedlycontained two wooden quonset huts, one long wooden building, and a number of 150-foottowers that were reportedly demolished and buried on site (E & E 1992). The formerlocations of these structures are not known.The potential burial area containing materials from the Former Radar Power Station isapproximately 550 feet by 250 feet (E & E 1992). Electrical transformers and generatorsmay be buried on site (URS 1986). Little evidence of the installation remains beyondscattered surface debris and gravel mounds. Wire and pieces of ceramic material arescattered across the area. Guy wire laying on the north side of the site is suspected to beattached to buried materials, and there is a concentration of pipes and other wires. A 9-footsquare area of darkened gravel containing burned wood and rusted electrical equipment isvisible on the surface along the west boundary near the center of the site (E & E 1992).The proposed field investigation will include an attempt to identify locations of buriedmaterial using a geophysical survey and the collection of surface soil, subsurface soil, andgroundwater samples. The presence of electrical equipment at the site suggest the potentialfor POL and PCB contamination. However, neither a surface soil grab nor a contained5-1619:KP«m_A044-02/19/93-Dl-ecycisd paper&rFINALgroundwater sample collected from a well southwest of the site during the URS investigationcontained PCBs above detection limits (URS 1986). Soil borings will be drilled andmonitoring wells installed within the area of suspected buried material and around theperimeter of the site. Subsurface soil and groundwater samples will be analyzed for POL,VOC, PCBs, and heavy metal. Surface soil samples will be collected in the stained area andwill be analyzed for POL, PCBs, and metals.5.2.14 Site No. 14: Navy Plane Crash SiteIn 1955, a Navy plane crash-landed 7 miles south of the village of Gambell (location notshown in figures). The main body of the plane remains on the tundra. Debris is largelyconfined to the immediate area surrounding the plane, but some is scattered as much as 100feet away from the plane. Burned material is located near the engine area and along theinterior of the fuselage. According to Mr. James, the airplane's belly gasoline tank exploded,and most fuels would have burned. There were no apparent stains or any stressed vegetationsurrounding the crash site (E & E 1992).The proposed field investigation will not include collection of samples at Site No. 14.5.2.15 Site No. 15: Troutman Lake Ordnance Burial SiteMr. James identified the location of a suspected ordnance burial site at the north end ofTroutman Lake (see Figure 5-1). Other residents confirmed that children found unexplodedordnance while swimming in the lake (E & E 1992). After a late summer storm in 1992,children found bullets along the shores of Troutman Lake (James 1992).COE will refer this problem to the Explosive Ordnance Demolition Division; therefore,the contractor will not sample, or in any way disturb this area.5.2.16 Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building SiteThe Gambell Municipal Building site consists of a 35-foot by 55-foot area of stainedgravel, located immediately west of the Municipal Building (see Figure 5-7). Mr. Jamesclaims that there has been no spill at this location, but the stain becomes more pronouncedafter a heavy rain. Residents suspect that something is buried in the area (E & E 1992). NoOVA readings above background levels were noted.5-1719JO«)70_AO«-02/25/93-DIrecyc.ea paperFINALecology and environmentThe proposed field investigation will include collection of surface soil, subsurface soil,and groundwater samples. The investigation will use a geophysical survey to identifylocations of burial material. Soil borings will be drilled within and on the perimeter of thestained area and monitoring wells will be installed to determine whether there is subsurfacecontamination. Surface soil, subsurface soil, and groundwater samples will be analyzed forPOLs and metals.5.2.17 Site No. 17: Army LandfillsThe Army Landfills are located between Site No. 7, Site No. 6, and the landing areas inSite No. 1 (see Figure 5-7). Materials in both landfills reportedly were regularly burned andcovered. Landfill No. 1 is located west of Landfill No. 2 and it is approximately 240 feet by130 feet. From 1951 to 1953 household refuse was reportedly buried to the depth of thewater table, or approximately 15 feet bgs. Local residents claim that human waste, tar paper,and flat fuel containers are also buried in the landfills. The surface is characterized bymounds. Currently, debris on the surface includes drums, landing mat, and scrap metal.There was no visibly stained soil during the site inspection (E & E 1992).Landfill No. 2 is approximately 235 feet by 245 feet and operated from 1951 to 1953.Debris on the surface was similar to the debris at Landfill No. 1. There were several burieddrum tops exposed on the surface. Soil did not appear to be stained with anything except rust(E & E 1992).The proposed field investigation will attempt to delineate the boundaries of the landfillwith a geophysical survey and the collection of subsurface soil and groundwater samples.Soil borings will be drilled and monitoring wells installed within the suspected boundaries ofthe landfill and around the perimeters of the landfills. Subsurface soil and groundwatersamples will be analyzed for POLs, PCBs, and metals.5.2.18 Site No. 18: Former Main CampThe Main Camp was adjacent to northeast end of Troutman Lake (see Figure 5-7). TheCamp extended from the location of the current Municipal Building east to the High School.The mess hall was located where the Sivugag Incorporated building now stands. A boilerroom was connected to the mess hall and there was a water pump house near the lake edge.5-18IfcKWOTO A044-02/25/93-DIFINALWhen it was in operation, there reportedly were ten 25,000 gallon-fuel tanks at the MainCamp. It is unknown whether the tanks were aboveground or underground or whether theywere disposed of on site. Reportedly, there were also six flat fuel tanks for the boiler houseand pumphouse. Gambell residents did not know whether these were buried hi the area ornot.Cardboard boxes containing approximately 500 pounds of white material were found nearthe former pumphouse location at the edge of Troutman Lake (E & E 1992). The materialhas tentatively been identified as diatomaceous earth, previously used for water filtration bythe Army (Waller 1959). Recent analysis of the material by ADEC indicated that mineralssuch as aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were present.No samples will be collected at this site since there is no definite information about thetanks, and the white material has been analyzed and determined to be nonhazardous.However, a geophysical survey is proposed at this site to determine the presence or absenceof the fuel tanks. There was no evidence of stressed vegetation nor was any stained soilobserved.5.3 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION5.3.1 Geophysical Survey LocationsThe Village of Gambell is constructed on cobble-, gravel-, and coarse sand-sided depositswhich contain discontinuous permafrost (RZA 1985). The military probably encounteredpermafrost when excavating pits or trenches to bury debris. Disturbance of the indigenoussediments during excavation may have resulted in thaw bulbs surrounding the buried debris.Therefore, there is a potential, actually a preference for drilling soil borings and installingmonitoring wells within the thaw bulbs.Sites that contain buried waste will be surveyed with a metal detector, magnetometer, andan EM-31 to attempt to delineate the boundaries of the buried waste. The following sites willbe geophysically surveyed:•Site No. 1: North Beach Area•Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations Area•Site No. 3: Former Communication Facility•Site No. 5: Former Tramway Site5-1919:KP«>70_AO*M>2/26/93-Dlrecycled paperFINALe(,(>1((f,y nlld envimnmen ,•Site No. 6: Military Landfill•Site No. 7: Former Military Power Facility•Site No. 8: West Beach•Site No. 13: Former Radar Power Station•Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building Site•Site No. 17: Army Landfills•Site No. 18: Former Main CampFor each geophysical survey, survey grids will be established over and slightly beyondthe estimated extent of each burial area. Each grid will be surveyed with a metal detector, anEM-31, and a magnetometer. The geophysical survey will be performed to locate burieddebris, detect possible effects of buried debris on subsurface soil and groundwater quality,delineate the approximate areal extent that is underlain by buried debris, and select soil boringand monitoring well locations.Site No. 1: North BeachSite No. 1 includes three areas of suspected buried debris: the Air Force Landing Area,the Army Landing Area, and a drum and debris dump area (see Figure 5-2). The Air ForceLanding Area and Army Landing Area will be investigated by geophysical surveys. Thedrum and debris dump area will not be surveyed because it is reportedly not the responsibilityof theDOD.Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations AreaSite No. 2 includes suspect buried material from the Former Military Housing/OperationsBurial Area, the Power Plant Burial Area, and the Ordnance Burial Site (see Figure 5-3).The Ordnance Burial Site coincides with the southern portions of the Former MilitaryHousing/Operations Burial Area. Consequently, this area will be avoided during thegeophysical surveys and subsurface investigation.5-2019-JCP60TO A044-02/25/93-DIFINALSite No. 3: Former Communication FacilitySite No. 3 reportedly includes buried generators, transformers, acids, oils, fuels, andbatteries in the northern portion of the site (see Figure 5-4).Site No. 5: Former Tramway SiteSite No. 5 reportedly includes two adjacent areas of suspected material burial at the footof Sevuokuk Mountain (see Figure 5-5). The easternmost burial area reportedly includestransformers, and the westernmost burial area includes cables.Site No. 6: Military LandfillSite No. 6 reportedly includes a Military Landfill containing approximately 3,000 drumsof lime-stabilized human waste and possible material from former power and communicationsfacilities (see Figure 5-5) (E & E 1992; URS 1986). The landfill was reportedly excavatedto a depth that was approximately equivalent to the height of one drum.Site No. 7: Former Military Power FacilitySite No. 7 reportedly includes buried remnants of the Former Military Power Facility.The primary transformers are reportedly buried to the southeast of the former facility.Surface features at Site No. 7 include a concrete pad, fuel pipeline, and scattered metallicdebris. These materials will have an impact on the effort to detect buried metallic debris.Interference caused by these materials will be noted during the survey.Site No. 8: West BeachSite No. 8 reportedly includes two areas of suspected buried debris, the Ordnance BurialSite northwest of Nayvaghaq Lake and the previously undocumented Army Landfill adjacentto the northwest portion of the shore of Nayvaghaq Lake (see Figure 5-6). The OrdnanceBurial Site will not be surveyed or subject to subsurface investigation.No surface debris thatcould interfere with the geophysical survey debris was observed at the Army Landfill.Site No. 13: Former Radar Power StationSite No. 13 reportedly contains the buried remains of a Former Radar Power Stationwhich includes metal towers, quonset hut debris, and electrical transformers (E & E 1992;5-2119XP6VJO A044-O2/19/93-DIFINALURS 1986). Metallic debris scattered on the surface of Site No. 13 may impact the effort todetect buried metallic debris. Interference caused by this debris will be noted during thesurvey.Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building SiteSite No. 16 is suspected to contain buried debris of unknown origin (E & E 1992).Surface staining of gravel reportedly becomes more pronounced following above averagerainfall, which may indicate adverse affects to area groundwater quality.No surface debriswas observed at this site that would interfere with the geophysical survey.Site No. 17: Army LandfillsSite No. 17 reportedly includes two areas of suspected debris burial denoted as ArmyP¥X,Landfill No. 1 and No. 2 (see Figure^6). During a previous investigation, permafrost wasencountered at depths from 8 to 11 feet bgs in soil borings south of the landfills. Therefore,it is likely that the depth to permafrost was no greater during the time period in which theArmy used these landfills for debris burial. Metallic debris scattered on the surface of SiteNo. 17 may have an impact on the effort to detect buried metallic debris. Whateverinterference is caused by this debris will be noted during the survey.Site No. 18: Main CampSite No. 18 reportedly contained tanks of various volumes. It is unknown whether theywere buried or removed. The survey will be conducted to determine the presence or absenceof the tanks. Possible interference to the survey includes scattered surface debris and buriedutilities. Whatever interference is caused by surface debris will be noted during the survey.The contractor should obtain as-built drawings of all utility systems to determine the locationof underground utility lines such as sewer, water, electric, and telephone, which were presentduring the 1992 site reconnaissance.5.3.2Geophysical Survey MethodsGeophysical surveys at Gambell will be performed using the following three instruments:metal detector, magnetometer, and electromagnetic terrain conductivity meter. The metaldetector survey will be conducted using a standard portable metal detector/pipe locator. The5-22magnetometer survey will be conducted using a Geometries G-856AX proton precessionmagnetomer, which measures the earth's total magnetic field near the surface in units ofgammas. The electromagnetic terrain conductivity survey will be conducted using theGeonics EM-31 DL instrument. The EM-31 measures the apparent terrain conductivityallowing quick screening for changes in conductivity potentially associated with buried debrisor changes in soil conditions due to lithology, water content, permafrost or leachate plumes, ifpresent. The EM-31 has a fixed intercoil spacing of 12.1 feet which yields an effectiveexploration depth of approximately 19.7 feet. Operation of the EM-31 in the horizontaldipole (shallow) mode yields an effective exploration depth of approximately 9.8 feet.Geophysical surveys will be performed at locations of buried debris to detect potentialimpact to subsurface soil and groundwater quality, and to delineate the approximate arealextent of buried debris is required. In addition, geophysical surveys willhelp to identify the depth and lateral continuity of permafrost, and consequently in theplacement of monitoring wells.Geophysical survey efforts will require grid construction. The survey grids will consistof grid coordinates established and flagged along x and y axis on 100-foot centers (nodes)with grid stations at 25-foot intervals. Wherever possible, the x and y axes of the surveygrids will be oriented east-west and north-south, respectively. Precise compass orientationswill be obtained for each of the survey axis, allowing for a local magnetic declination ofapproximately 13° east of true north. The orientations will be indicated on the geophysicalcontour maps subsequently generated with the plotted field survey data. Wherever possible, acoordinate system will be consistently used at the survey grids, such that coordinates 0,0 arelocated in the southwest corner of each contour map. Grid nodes will be flagged andnumbered as follows:Grid X, N (or S) n, + yy, E (or W) n2 + zz,where:X= Grid letter;nj= Distance in 100-foot increments north (N) or south (S) from the origin point;n2= Distance in 100-foot increments east (E) or west (W) from the origin point;yy = Additional distance in feet north or south from the nearest previously located100-foot increment from the grid origin; and5-2319JCP«nO A044-O2/19/W-D1FINALzz = Additional distance in feet east or west from the nearest previously located100-foot increment from the grid origin.Example of grid notation for a grid station on a 125 feet north and 150 feet east oforigin is: Grid A, Nt + 25, Ej + 50.Wooden stakes will be used to mark the proposed soil boring and monitoring welllocations for reference during the subsequent drilling program. Any later adjustments of themonitoring well locations will be referenced to the survey grid coordinate system.The apparent terrain conductivity will be measured with the EM-31 or EM-34 in thehorizontal and vertical dipole modes at each survey grid node. Transmitter and receiver coilorientation will be north-south wherever possible.Geomagnetic measurements will be recorded at each survey grid node in a north-southorientation, using the magnetometer. The response of the magnetometer is proportional to themass of the ferrous target. All magnetometer readings obtained will be corrected for diurnalvariation based on a series of background measurements collected at a designated base stationthat is free from manmade geophysical anomalies.All geophysical field data will be electronically stored in the built-in memory portion ofthe aforementioned instruments. This data will be downloaded to a personal computer in thefield as the respective data storage capacities for the instruments are reached. If a suitablepower source and printer are available, this data will be plotted and then contoured usingapplicable software. Interpretation of the survey data and contour maps that are generated inthe field may provide the basis for the adjustment of monitoring well locations if significantgeophysical anomalies are identified.5.4 SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS5.4.1 Surface and Shallow Subsurface Soil5.4.1.1 LocationsSoil samples will be collected at each site in locations of apparent stained soil and neartransformers, barrels, and batteries. Surface soil samples will be collected from the followingsites:•Site No. 1: North Beach Area•Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations Area5-24Site No. 4: Sevuokuk MountainSite No. 7: Former Military Power FacilitySite No. 10: Sevuokuk Mountain Trail SystemSite No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal SiteSite No. 13: Former Radar Power StationSite No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building SiteTable 5-1 summarizes the number of soil samples to be collected at each site and theanalyses to be performed. Representative background surface soils samples will be collectedfor each soil type and analyzed for all parameters of concern. Two background soil samplesarf» nrnnrvcArlTahlp 5-6).^-fi\areproposed f«f>£>(see TableSite No. 1: North Beach AreaTo determine whether debris scattered along the beachfront has contaminated the surfacesoils, two surface soil samples will be collected in areas of visibly stained soil (see Figure5-2). These samples will be analyzed for TRPH, BNA, PCBs, and TCLP metals (arsenic,barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, and silver). These analytes arerepresentative of reported buried materials in the area.Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations AreaDue to the potential for POL contamination near the utility building and the presence ofburned material, one surface soil sample will be collected from each of the two visibly stainedareas and analyzed for TRPH, BNA, and TCLP metals (see Figure 5-3).Site No. 4: Sevuokuk MountainFive surface soil samples will be collected at Site No. 4. One sample will be collectedfrom each of the two transformer locations near the former quonset hut area and analyzed forPCBs. Three samples will be collected from a burned area will be collected and analyzed forTRPH, BNA, dioxins, PCBs and TCLP metals (see Figure 5-4).5-2519:KP60TO A044-02/19/93-D1FINALSite No. 7: Former Military Power FacilityDue to the presence of fuel-stained areas in this location, two representative surface soilsamples will be collected and analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, and TCLP metals (see Figure5-5). The results of these analyses will help determine the source of the staining.Site No. 10: Sevuokuk Mountain Trail SystemNo surface soil samples are proposed at this site. However, it is recommended that soilsbeneath the barrels be inspected for stressed vegetation and, if justified, representativesamples be collected and analyzed for POL-related analytes during the field investigation.Site No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal SiteDue to the presence of 55-gallon drums and surface debris such as batteries, threerepresentative surface soil samples will be collected and analyzed for TRPH and TCLP metals(see Figure 5-6).Site No. 13: Former Radar Power StationBuried debris remains at the power station, including transformers. Two surface soilsamples will be collected in the stained soil area (Figure 5-6). Samples will be analyzed forTRPH, PCBs, and TCLP metals.Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building SiteThe soil and gravel on the west side of the Municipal Building is visibly stained withsuspected petroleum related contaminants (see Figure 5-7). Two surface soil samples will becollected from the site and analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, and TCLP metals.5.4.1.2 Sampling MethodologySoil sampling will be conducted in accordance with EPA guidelines (EPA 1984). Surfaceand shallow subsurface soil samples will be collected to a maximum depth of 2 feet.Stainless steel trowels, spoons, coring devices, and mixing bowls will be utilized as samplingimplements. The soil will be placed in a stainless steel bowl to be thoroughly homogenized.An aliquot of the homogenized sample will be collected from the bowl using a stainless steelspoon and placed in an 8-ounce wide-mouth glass jar with teflon-lined lids. The glass jars5-2619:KP6070 AO+4-02/I9/93-D1reCVCied Caps?FINALwill then be labeled, custody sealed, covered with clear plastic tape, and placed in scalablebaggies. For samples suspected to contain medium or high contaminant levels, bagged jarswill be put in paint cans, which will be then filled with vermiculite. Paint cans will be closedand secured with paint can clips.When composite sampling is required, each composite sample will consist of threealiquots oriented as a triangle and separated by a distance of approximately 5 feet. The soilaliquots will be collected to equivalent depths and contain equal volumes. The aliquots willthen be homogenized by handmixing in a stainless steel mixing bowl and transferred to thesampling container.Samples to be analyzed for VOC or GRO will not be homogenized or composited; ratherselect subsamples of soil, equal in volume, will be collected from each aliquot location andplaced into two 2-oz. septa-lidded jars, leaving no headspace. Since most sites are located ongravel surfaces, samples collected for VOC analysis should be composed of particles less than2 millimeters in diameter. This will facilitate reduction of headspace and preservation ofsample integrity.Sampling implements will be decontaminated prior to the collection of each sample;however, decontamination will not be required between the collection of the sample aliquots.During the collection of each surface sample, observable physical characteristics (e.g., color,physical state) of the soil material will be recorded in the field log book.5.4.1.3 Analytical ParametersAs previously stated, the surface soil samples collected will be analyzed for some or allof the following parameters, GRO, DRO, TRPH, BNA, PCBs, dioxins, and TCLP metals(see Appendix A for a list of specific analytes for each analytical method). Table 5-3summarizes of sample preservation procedures and holding times. Table 5-4 summarizessample containers and volumes of soil samples required.5.4.2 Subsurface Soil5.4.2.1 LocationsSoil borings will drilled at sites that are suspected to contain buried debris or waste, orwhere surface disposal of debris may had an impact on subsurface soil (see Table 5-9).Subsurface soil will be sampled from soils excavated by borings at these sites. For each5-2719JCPW)D_A044-02/19/93-DlFINALproposed soil boring, samples will be collected at depths of 2.5 feet and 5 feet bgs, and at5-foot intervals thereafter if the boring is proposed to a depth greater than 5 feet. At aminimum, all borings will be advanced to the depth of the saturated zone. In addition, onesample is proposed for each boring from soil directly beneath the top of the saturated zone.(Drilling equipment and procedures for conducting soil borings are detailed in Appendix B.)A total of 186 subsurface soil samples will be collected for analysis. The number ofsamples collected for VOC analysis may be less, depending on the results of headspacesurveys of the soils sampled from borings at all sites except Site No. 5, Site No. 6, and SiteNo. 9 for which volatile organic contamination is not suspected. A portion of the soil volumecollected for each sample at the remaining sites will be subject to soil gas headspace analysiswith an organic vapor analyzer (OVA). Subsurface soil samples are proposed to be analyzedfor the parameters presented in Table 5-1. However, only approximately 20 percent to 40percent of all samples collected will be submitted for GRO and DRO analysis based on resultssample headspace field screening (see Section 5.4.2.2). Soil samples with mean grain sizegreater than 2 mm will not be subjected to VOC analysis due to soil sample containerizationmethodology and tolerance of vapor headspace in sample containers for VOC analysis.Soil borings are proposed within the boundaries of sites with suspected buried material.Although it is unconventional to recommend placement of soil borings within areas suspectedto contain buried debris or containerized hazardous waste, given the uncertainty of the arealextent of the burial areas, it is necessary to locate boreholes as near to the potential source aspossible. The results of the geophysical survey (section 5.3) will delineate areas to avoid,where anomalies of all instruments, especially those sensitive to ferrous material, indicate ahigh potential for buried material, and possibly indicate better soil boring locations. Incontrast, the geophysical survey results that indicate areas of low potential for buried ferrousmaterial and create anomalous EM-31 readings will be targeted as potential locations ofimpacted subsurface soil and groundwater.Soil borings are proposed at the following eleven sites:•Site No. 1: North Beach;•Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations Area;•Site No. 3: Former Communications Facility;•Site No. 5: Former Tramway Site;5-2819:KP6070_A044-02/19/93-DIFINAL•Site No. 6: Military Landfill;•Site No. 7: Former Military Power Facility;•Site No. 8: West Beach;•Site No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal Site;•Site No. 13: Former Radar Power Station;•Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building Area;•Site No. 17: Army Landfills;A background boring will be drilled in an undetermined location and backgroundsubsurface soil samples will be collected at the same intervals as specified above.Representative background subsurface soil samples will be collected for each soil type andwill be analyzed for all the parameters 'of concern. Two background subsurface soil samplesare proposed for collection (see Table 5-6).Site No. 1: North BeachEight soil borings are proposed for the Air Force and Army Landing Areas. After ageophysical survey has indicated the approximate extent of the Air Force Landing Area andArmy Landing Area, soil borings will be drilled and subsurface soil samples will be collected.Proposed soil boring locations are shown in Figure 5-2, but these locations are subject torevision pending the results of the geophysical survey.Three borings are proposed for the Air Force Landing Area, one within the landing areaand two on the perimeter. Fjvejsoil borings are proposed for the Army Landing Area, onewithin the landing area and four around the perimeter. Boring locations were selected on theperimeter of the landing areas to determine the direction of potential contaminant migration.The borings within the landing areas will be used to determine the nature and concentration ofpotential contaminants. Based upon the anticipated depth to the saturated zone in the LandingAreas (URS 1986; Waller 1959), a minimum of three subsurface soil samples per soil boringsare proposed, yielding a total of 24 samples. Soil samples collected at this site will beanalyzed for DRO, GRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, and TCLP metals (see Table 5-1). AlJ/theborings are proposed to be completed with monitoring wells.5-2919:KP6070 A044-02/19/93-D!FINALSite No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations AreaSoil borings are proposed for the Former Military Housing/Operations Burial Area andthe Power Plant Burial Area. Proposed soil boring locations are shown in Figure 5-3, butthese locations are subject to revision pending the results of the geophysical survev^'Three xsoil borings are proposed for the perimeter of Site No. 2 to determine the nature and directionof potential contaminant migration. The borehole locations are in assumed downgradientlocations. Based upon the anticipated depth to the saturated zone in the Former MilitaryHousing/Operations Area (URS 1986, Waller 1959), a minimum of three subsurface soilsamples per soil boring are proposed to be collected, yielding a total of 9 samples. Soilsamples collected at this site will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, TCLP metals,and explosives (see Table 5-lljT Allthe borings at the Former Military Housing/OperationsArea and Power Plant Burial Area are proposed to be completed with monitoring wells.Site No. 3: Former Communications FacilityTwo soil borings are proposed for the area of the Former Communications Facility, asshown in Figure 5-4, but these locations are subject to revision pending the results of thegeophysical survey. One boring is proposed within the burial area to determine the nature ofthe potential contamination and one is proposed north of the site in an assumed downgradientlocation to determine the potential direction of contaminant migration. Based upon theanticipated depth to the saturated zone (URS 1986, Waller 1959), a minimum of threesubsurface soil samples per soil boring will be collected for a total of 6 samples. Soil samplescollected at this site will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLP metals,sulfates, and pH (see Table 5-1). Both borings are proposed to be completed with amonitoring well.Site No. 5; Former Tramway SiteFour soil borings are proposed for the Secondary Transformer Burial Area and the CableBurial Area within Site No. 5. Proposed soil boring locations are shown in Figure 5-5, butthese locations are subject to revision pending the results of geophysical survey. One boringis proposed within the Secondary Transformer Burial Area; one is proposed within the CableBurial Area; two are proposed for the perimeter of these adjoining areas. The boreholes onthe perimeter will aid in determining the direction of potential contaminant migration. These5-3019:KP6ff70 A044-02/19/93-D1FINAL•Tisaneborehole locations are placed in assumed downgradient locations. The interior boreholes willbe used to determine the nature of potential contamination. Based upon the anticipated depthto the saturated zone in this area (URS 1986, Waller 1959), a minimum of three subsurfacesoil samples per soil boring are proposed to be collected, yielding a total of 12 samples. Soilsamples collected at this site will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, and PCBs (see Table 51). Three of the borings are proposed to be completed with monitoring wells.Site No. 6: Military LandfillFour ^oil borings are proposed to be drilled around the perimeter of the Military LandfillSite to determine nature and direction of potential contaminant migration. Proposed soilboring locations are shown in Figure 5-5, but these locations are subject to revision pendingthe results of the geophysical survey. Based upon the anticipated depth to the saturated zone(URS 1986), a minimum of three subsurface soil samples per soil boring are proposed to becollected for a total of 12 samples only for lithology characterization. No subsurface soil- ~isamples will be collected for chemical analysis. The four borings will be completed withmonitoring wells.Site No. 7: Former Military Power Facility/Four soil borings are proposed for the Former Military Power Facility. Proposed soilboring locations are shown in Figure 5-5, but these locations are subject to revision pendingthe results of the geophysical survey. One boring is proposed within both burial areas todetermine the nature of the potential contaminants, and three are proposed for the perimeterof the site determine the direction of potential contaminant migration. Based upon theanticipated depth to the saturated zone (URS 1986, Waller 1959), a minimum of threesubsurface soil samples per soil boring are proposed to be collected, yielding a total of 12samples. Soil samples collected at this site will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC,PCBs, and TCLP metals (see Table 5-1). All the borings are proposed to be completed withmonitoring wells.Site No. 8: West BeachOne soil boring is proposed to be drilled at the Army Landfill in Site No. 8. Theproposed soil boring location is shown in Figure 5-5, but the location is subject to revision%5-3119:KP«WO A044-02/19/93-D1FINALpending the results of the geophysical survey. The proposed boring is located between thelandfill and Nayvaghaq Lake to determine if potential leachate produced in the landfill ismigrating towards the lake. Based upon the anticipated depth to the saturated zone in thisarea (URS 1986, Waller 1959), a minimum of four subsurface soil samples per soil boring areproposed to be collected. Soil samples collected at this site will be analyzed for GRO, DRO,TRPH, VOC, PCBs, and TCLP metals (see Table 5-1). The boring is proposed to becompleted with a monitoring well.Site No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal SiteTwo soil borings are proposed to be drilled at the North Disposal Area in Site No. 12.Proposed soil boring locations are shown in Figure 5-6, but these locations are subject torevision pending the results of the geophysical survey. The two borings are proposed for theperimeter of the North Disposal Area. The boreholes are sited in locations along potentialcontaminant migration routes to Troutman and Nayvaghaq Lakes. Based upon the anticipateddepth to the saturated zone in this area (URS 1986, Waller 1959), a minimum of threesubsurface soil samples per soil boring are proposed to be collected, yielding a total of 6samples. Soil samples collected at this site will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC,and TCLP metals (see Table 5-1). Two borings are proposed to be complete with monitoringwells.Site No. 13: Former Radar Power Station'•"^xFour soil borings are proposed for the Former Radar Power Station Area. Proposed soilboring locations are shown in Figure 5-6, but these locations are subject to revision pendingthe results of the geophysical survey. One boring is proposed within the burial area and threeare proposed for the perimeter of the area. The interior borehole will be used to determinethe nature of the potential contamination. The boreholes along the perimeter are sited inlocations along the anticipated contaminant migration route to Troutman and NayvaghaqLakes. Based upon the anticipated depth to the saturated zone in this area (URS 1986, Waller1959), a minimum of three subsurface soil samples per soil boring are proposed to becollected, yielding a total of 12 samples. Soil samples collected at this site will be analyzedfor GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, and TCLP metals (see Table 5-1). All'ifce borings areproposed to be completed with monitoring wells.5-3219JOWJO A044-02/19/93-D1rSCVC?ed psper,.FINALecology sue e:-,ra-on:meniSite No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building SiteThree SOB* borings are proposed for the Gambell Municipal Building Site. Proposed soilboring locations are shown in Figure 5-7, but these locations are subject to revision pendingthe results of the geophysical survey. One boring is proposed within the burial or stainedgravel area to determine the depth and nature of the contaminant, and two are proposed forthe perimeter of the area to determine the direction of contaminant migration. Based upon theanticipated depth to the saturated zone in this area (URS 1986, Waller 1959), a minimum ofthree subsurface soil samples per soil boring are proposed to be collected, yielding a total ofnine samples. Soil samples collected at this site will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, andTCLP metals (see Table 5-1). Two 6f the borings are proposed to be completed withmonitoring wells.Site No. 17: Army LandfillsSeven soil borings are proposed for both Army landfills. Proposed soil boring locationsare shown in Figure 5-7, but these locations are subject to revision pending the results of thegeophysical survey. Four borings are proposed for Landfill No. 1. One boring is proposedwithin the landfill and three around the perimeter.Three borings are proposed for LandfillNo. 2. One boring is proposed within the landfill, and two around the perimeter. Theboreholes sited along the perimeter of the landfills will be used to determine the direction ofpotential contaminant migration. The interior boreholes will provide the nature of thecontamination. Based upon the anticipated depth to the saturated zone in this area (URS1986, Waller 1959), a minimum of three subsurface soil samples per soil boring are proposedto be collected, yielding a total of 21 samples. Soil samples collected at this site will beanalyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, and TCLP metals (see Table 5-1). All theborings at Landfill No. 1 and Landfill No. 2 are proposed to be completed with monitoringwells.5.4.2.2 Sampling MethodologySoil sampling will be conducted in accordance with EPA guidelines (EPA 1984).Subsurface soil samples proposed at 2.5 feet bgs, or less, will be collected with steel handaugers equipped with stainless steel sampling buckets. Soil samples from 5 feet bgs or morewill be collected using a drill rig equipped with hollow-stem augers and split-spoon samplers5-3319JCP6070 A04W2/19/93-D1FINALat Sites Nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16, and 17. During drilling, subsurface samplingwill be conducted according to standard COE and American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) procedures using a 2- or 3-inch split-spoon sampler. The spilt-spoon sampler will beadvanced during hollow-stem auger drilling by conventional methods, including attachment ofthe sampler to a drill rod and standard 140- or 300-pound hammers. During sampling, blowcounts will be recorded at 6-inch intervals to the total sample depth of 18 or 24 inches,depending on the length of the split-spoon. The split-spoon sampler shall be decontaminatedafter each sample as discussed in Section 5.7.As samples are retrieved, they will be screened with a FID for volatile organic vapors.In addition, a set of composite soil samples will be collected from each soil boring at siteswhere there are suspected volatile organic contaminants, and placed in soil sample jars foreach interval sampled. OVA headspace readings with and without an in-line methane filterwill be recorded for each sample set (i.e. one jar of each set will be used for the reading withthe in-line methane filter [methane corrected reading] and the other jar will be used for thereading without the filter). The headspace reading without the in-line filter is a total organicvapor reading, whereas, that with the in-line filter is a methane-corrected vapor reading.Therefore, for each sample, the organic vapor reading attributable to potential organiccontaminants is obtained when the presence of methane is subtracted from the total organicvapor reading.Heated headspace analysis will be performed for each sample set by half filling two 8-oz.jars with the sampled soil, quickly covering the jars with aluminum foil and applying thescrew cap to tightly seal the jars. Jars will be shaken vigorously for 15 seconds and thenallowed to sit for at least 10 minutes in direct sunlight if possible, or in a heated vehicle orbuilding for headspace development. Again, jars will be shaken and lids removed. The foilseals will be quickly punctured with the OVA sampling probe to approximately one-half ofthe headspace depth, being careful to avoid the uptake of soil particulates. The highest meterreading for each jar will be recorded as the headspace concentration. Upon comparison of thetwo meter readings as detailed above, the organic vapor reading attributable to potentialorganic contaminants will be obtained. Only those soil samples which yield methanecorrected headspace readings greater than 10 ppm wui be analyzed t ; VOCs. The headspaceanalysis methodology of subsurface soil samples is proposed to eliminate costs for VOC5-3419:KP«070 A044-02/19/93-D1rscvcied saoe"FINALanalysis of samples, which through organic vapor pre-screening, do not yield organic vaporcontents elevated above 10 ppm.With the exception of GRO and DRO soil samples collected will be analyzed for theparameters listed in Table 5-1. The field sampling team will use professional judgement,based on sample headspace analysis and visual observation, to select approximately 20 percentto 40 percent of all samples collected for GRO and DRO analysis. The reduction in thenumber of GRO and DRO analyses is based on the premise that significant degradation ofthese potential contaminants has occurred over the years since military occupation.Containerized samples not selected for analysis will be disposed of as investigation-derivedwaste (Section 5.9). Soil aliquots for VOC analysis will be containerized immediatelyfollowing retrieval from the split-spoon sampler. After the lithology of the sample has beendescribed, the remainder of the soil will be homogenized and removed from the sampler witha stainless steel spoon, placed in the appropriate sample containers, and processed forshipment as described in subsection 5.4.1.2.All soil samples collected from soil borings in which monitoring wells will be installedwill be visually classified by the Unified Soil Classifications System. The field classificationwill be verified by laboratory analysis of selected physical parameters, including grain-sizedistribution (ASTM C117 & 136) and moisture content (ASTM D 2216).5.4.3 Groundwater SamplesThe results of the geophysical survey will help to delineate the possible extent ofpermafrost at each site. If permafrost boundaries (i.e., "edges of discontinuous permafrost")exist beneath or immediately adjacent to any of the site, the proposed depths of monitoringwells may need to be revised. Proposed monitoring well depths are not to exceed the depth topermafrost at each site. However, if discontinuities exist in the permafrost, then the potentialexists for deeper vertical migration of groundwater. Decisions on whether to installmonitoring wells to greater depths will be made following review of all data collected fromSsT^^ttfogeophysical surveys. Currently, a totoKof 39 monitoring wells are proposed. Monitoring(.^well construction, installation and development are outlined in Appendix B.To assess the hydrologic parameters of the unconfined aquifer system at the Gambellsites, slug tests should be conducted at a minimum of one well at each site. In addition,specific capacity tests should be performed, if practical, in conjunction with development of5-3519JCWOTO A044-O2/19/93-D1FINALthe newly installed monitoring wells. The performance of slug test shall consist of theintroduction and removal of a steel slug bar, of a known volume, into the well.Measurements of the initial water level response and subsequent water levels untilequilibration to the initial water level will be recorded using a data logger pressure transducersystem. The pressure transducer sonde will be placed into the well preceding the introductionof the slug bar and will remain stationary during the test (i.e., removal of the slug bar). Therecovery of the groundwater to the well will be monitored continuously during the specifiedlength of time for the test. The length of time for the tests will be decided in the field by thehydrogeologist performing the tests and based on the length of time necessary forequilibration of the water level during emplacement of the slug bar.The specific capacity tests should consist of measuring the static (pre-pumping) waterlevel with a calibrated water level indicator, and then pumping the well at a known dischargerate for a given length of time static and pumping water level. The difference between thestatic and pumping water levels is the drawdown, which is divided by the discharge to yieldthe specific capacity.Quantification of the aquifer parameters using slug test results and/or specific capacitieswill be used to calculate values of transmissivity (T) and hydraulic conductivity (K). Theseparameters, in conjunction with the hydraulic gradient and flow direction, to be determined bystatic water level measurements in each on-site monitoring well, will be used to determinegroundwater flow velocities. In addition, these results will aid in the characterization oftransport potential of contaminant plumes, if present, in the unconfined aquifer systemunderlying the Gambell site.5.4.3.1 Monitoring Well LocationsGroundwater samples will be collected from monitoring wells installed at those sites thatcontain buried debris or waste, or from sites that may pose a threat to groundwater quality asdetermined by the results of a geophysical survey (see Table 5-2). These sites include thefollowing:•Site No. 1: North Beach•Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations Area•Site No. 3: Former Communications Facility5-3619:KP6070 A044-02/19/93-D1recveisd Daoa".FINALSite No. 5: Former Tramway SiteSite No. 6: Military LandfillSite No. 7: Former Military Power FacilitySite No. 8: West BeachSite No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal SiteSite No. 13: Former Radar Power StationSite No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building AreaSite No. 17: Army LandfillsA background monitoring well will be installed at the background soil boring location(Section 5.4.2.1) and background groundwater samples will be collected. Backgroundgroundwater samples will be analyzed for all the parameters of concern.Site No. 1: North Beach,Eight monitoring wells are proposed to be installed at the Army Landing Area and theAir Force Landing Area in the soil borings described in subsection 5.4.3.1 for Site No. 1.Proposed locations are shown in Figure 5-2. Since the potential contaminants are suspected tobe waste POLs, groundwater samples collected from these wells will be analyzed for GRO,DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, and total metals (see Table 5-2).Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations Area'Three monitoring wells are proposed to be installed at the Former MilitaryHousing/Operations Burial Area and the Power Plant Burial Area in the soil borings describedin subsection 5.4.3.1 for Site No. 2. Proposed locations are shown in Figure 5-3. Thecontaminants at this site are suspected to be petroleum or ordnance related, thereforegroundwater samples collected from these wells will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH,VOC, total metals, and explosives (see Table 5-2).5-3719:KP60TOJV70_A044^l2/19/93-DlDesDSr_FINALSite No. 8: West BeachOne Monitoring well is proposed to be installed at the Army Landfill in the soil boringdescribed in subsection 5.4.3.1 for Site No. 8. The proposed location is shown in Figure 5-6.The contaminants at this site are suspected to be petroleum-related and may include PCBsfrom buried electrical equipment based on the reported contents of the Landfill. Groundwatersamples collected from these wells will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, andtotal metals (see Table 5-2).Site No. 12: Nayvaghaq Lake Disposal SiteTwo monitoring wells are proposed to be installed in the soil borings described insubsection 5.4.3.1 for Site No. 12. The proposed locations are shown in Figure 5-6. SincePOL products and lead from batteries are the potential sources of contaminants, groundwatersamples collected from these wells will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, and totalmetals (see Table 5-2).Site No. 13: Former Radar Power StationFour monitoring wells are proposed to be installed in the soil borings described insubsection 5.4.3.1 for Site No. 13. The proposed location is shown in Figure 5-6. BecausePOL products and PCBs from transformers are potential contaminants of concern, groundwater samples collected from these wells will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs,and total metals (see Table 5-2).Site No. 16: Gambell Municipal Building SiteTwo monitoring wells are proposed to be installed in the soil borings described insubsection 5.4.3.1 for Site No. 16. The proposed location is shown in Figure 5-7. Sincepetroleum-related contaminants are suspected to be present, groundwater samples collectedfrom these wells will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH, and total metals (see Table 5-2).Site No. 17: Army LandfillsSeven monitoring wells are proposed to be installed in the soil borings described insubsection 5.4.3.1 for Site No. 17. The proposed location is shown in Figure 5-7.5-3919:KP60TO_A044-02/19/93-DlFINALGroundwater samples collected from these wells will be analyzed for GRO, DRO, TRPH,VOC, PCBs, and total metals (see Table 5-2).5.4.3.2 Sampling MethodologyGroundwater samples will be collected in accordance with EPA guidelines (EPA 1981and 1985). Groundwater sample collection from the monitoring wells will consist of thefollowing four activities:•Measurement of depth to water level and total well depth (to calculate wellvolume);•Evacuation of water (purging);•Measurement and recording of groundwater temperature, pH, turbidity andconductivity; and•Collection of the sample (with filtering for dissolved metals samples if sampleturbidity is greater than 50 NTU and no filtering for total metals samples).Prior to sampling, static water level and total well depth will be measured with anelectronic interface probe. Equipment will be decontaminated between uses to avoid crosscontamination of wells.The number of linear feet of static water (the standing water column) will be determinedby calculating the difference between the static water level and the total depth of the well.The static volume will be calculated using the formula:V = ^(0.163)Where:VTr0.163= Static volume of well in gallons.= Standing water column, measured in feet,= Inside radius of well casing in inches.= A constant conversion factor that compensates for the conversion of the casingradius from inches to feet, the conversion of cubic feet to gallons, and TT (pi).Before a groundwater sample is obtained, water must be purged to ensure that arepresentative groundwater sample is collected. A minimum of five volumes of the standingwater column will be purged from each well prior to sample collection. If the well does notrecover quickly enough to permit the removal of five successive volumes, the well will be5-40pumped or bailed dry and sampled immediately following a recovery sufficient to collect asample. Purging will be performed using decontaminated stainless steel or teflon bailers orpumps. Purge water from monitoring wells will be contained in drums. If the analyticalresults from groundwater samples indicate that it is not contaminated, the purge water will beapplied to soil within the boundaries of the area investigated. If groundwater samples docontain contaminant concentrations above regulatory actions levels, then the drums of purgewater will be labeled and stored on site in a secure area.If free product is encountered above the water table, the product thickness must first berecorded. The well will not be purged, and a groundwater sample, including floating productwill be collected. The sample will be submitted for a "hydrocarbon analysis scan" using theAlaska District COE modification of EPA Method 8015, total lead, BTEX, flashpoint andBTU. If floating free-product is not identified, a bailer or pump will be used to purge therequired volume of water from the well prior to obtaining a representative water sample.Sampling personnel will take precautions against cross contamination when using onesampling apparatus for a series of samples.Before and after each sample is collected, the apparatus will be decontaminated asspecified in Section 5.7. Sample collection procedures are as follows.•A decontaminated stainless steel or Teflon bailer or dedicated pump will beused to collect groundwater samples from monitoring wells;•When transferring water from the sample collection device to samplecontainers, care will be taken to avoid agitating the sample, which promotesthe loss of VOCs and increases the dissolved oxygen content;•VOC samples will be bottled immediately upon collection (refer to Table 5-3for other preservation methods);•Samples from monitoring wells to be analyzed for dissolved metals (Appendix A) will be filtered in the field using a 0.45-micron filter and preservedwith nitric acid prior to shipment for analysis. The filtering equipment willbe decontaminated between samples to avoid cross-contamination;•Any observable physical characteristics of the groundwater (e.g., color,sheen, odor, turbidity) will be recorded in the logbook;•Sample temperature, pH, and specific conductivity will be measured andrecorded; and5-4119:KP60TO_A044«2/25/93-Dlrecycled paperFINALcoo|o?y nm , environmelll•Weather conditions at the time of sampling will be^recorded (e.g., airtemperature, wind direction and velocity, recent heavy rainfall, and droughtconditions).5.4.4 Sediment Samples5.4.4.1 LocationsSediment samples will be collected at Site No. 4, downgradient of the abandonedtransformers in a surface water drainage (see Figure 5-4).A total of four sediment sampleswill be collected; three downgradient of the transformer and background upgradient samplewithin the same stream channel. Since there is potential for PCB contamination, the sedimentsamples will be analyzed for PCBs (see Table 5-2).5.4.4.2 Sampling MethodologyDuring the collection of each sediment sample, observable physical characteristics (e.g.,color, physical state, elevated organic vapor readings) of the sediment material will berecorded.The samples will be collected using stainless steel ladles, spoons, mixing bowls, or otherstandard equipment. Sampling implements will be decontaminated following the proceduresstated in Section 5.8 prior to the collection of each sample. Sediment samples will becollected and transferred to appropriate glass containers using a stainless steel ladle or spoon.Sediments will be homogenized by the same method described in section 5.4.2.2. for soils. Asufficient volume of sediment will be collected for subsequent analytical testing requirements.5.4.4.3 Analytical ParametersThe sediment samples collected from Site No. 4 will be analyzed for PCBs. SeeAppendix A for a list of specific analytes for each analytical method. Table 5-3 is a summaryof sample containers, preservation procedures and holding times. Table 5-4 summarizes thesample containers and volumes required for sediment samples.5.4.5 Asbestos SamplesBulk samples will be collected and analyzed for asbestos at locations determined tocontain suspect asbestos containing material (ACM) during the E & E site inventory. Thesematerials will be sampled using asbestos bulk sampling procedures outlined in Section5-42190CP60TO A04442/2S/93-DIFINAL5.4.5.2. The number of samples collected for asbestos analysis will be determined accordingto the criteria in Table 5-8.5.4.5.1 LocationsBulk samples will be collected and analyzed for asbestos at the Former MilitaryHousing/Operations Area (Site No. 2) and Sevuokuk Mountain (Site No. 4) that are suspectedto contain ACM.Site No. 2: Former Military Housing/Operations AreaDue to the presence of fibrous material in the vicinity of the reported machine gun nestburial area, approximately three samples will be collected to determine the presence of ACM(see Table 5-2). All samples will be submitted for bulk asbestos analysis.Site No. 4: Sevuokuk MountainTo determine whether fibrous debris located approximately 20 feet north of a FormerQuonset Hut Area contains asbestos, at least three samples will be collected and analyzed forbulk asbestos (see Table 5-2). The number of samples collected will be determined accordingto the requirements in Table 5-8.5.4.5.2 Sampling MethodologyPrior to any sampling collection activity, a visual inspection of each facility involving thefollowing elements will be conducted:•Identify all areas to be inspected;•Identify types of suspected ACM present;•Determine the category of friability by touching the suspected ACM(Categories of friability are as defined by 40 CFR, part 61, Subpart M[NESHAP] as amended November 1990 [i.e., friable, non-friable I, andnon-friable II]);•Identify homogeneous areas of suspected ACM by location (a homogeneousarea is a material type that appears similar throughout the site in terms ofcolor, texture, application, and date of installation); and5-4319:KP«nO AOM-02/I9/93-D1FINAL•Determine total approximate square/linear footage of each homogeneous areaof suspected ACM.A representative number of samples should be collected for each materialtype/homogeneous area identified. For most ACM, a minimum of 0.5 cubic inch should becollected. If the material is layered, 0.5 cubic inch of each layer should be sampled. Thehomogeneous material should be divided into equal sampling areas. One sample shall becollected from each of the equal areas.Once the sample location has been selected, the following procedures will be followed toobtain a sample:•Conduct sampling only when no unprotected persons are in the area;•Sample while wearing Level C protection as outlined in the Health and SafetyPlan;•Use a spray bottle containing amended water (detergent and water) toadequately wet the surface of the area to be sampled;•Use a knife or other appropriate tool to cut free a sample of the material witha minimum size of 0.5 cubic inch. Penetrate the whole thickness of thematerial and collect all layers, and spray the area occasionally during thisprocess to adequately wet the whole thickness of the material in the area ofthe sample;•With the tool in one hand and an open, labeled sample bag in the other hand,free the sample, allowing it to fall into the bag. See Section 5.8.3 forinformation on sample labels;•Seal the individual sample bag and place inside another bag (daily samplecollection bag) to prevent leakage;•Place a piece of duct tape over the sample location and mark it with thesample ID;•Decontaminate the sampling tools in accordance with Section 5.9 and replacethe outer pair of gloves before proceeding to the next sample; and•Place all disposables into a 6-mil plastic bag labeled as containing ACM orcontaminated waste.QC and/or duplicate samples should be obtained by taking two samples adjacent to eachother. These samples are labeled and handled in the same way as ordinary samples. The5-44190CP6070 A044-O2/19/93-D1recyctSC CSSSir,FINALecology and SEva-ontanentlaboratory should not be able to identify which samples are QC samples. One duplicate QCsample will be collected for every 10 samples, with a minimum of one for each site.5.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS5.5.1 Field QC SamplesQC data are necessary to determine precision and accuracy and to demonstrate theabsence of interference and/or contamination of glassware and reagents. Field QC samplesand the frequency of analysis for this project are summarized in Table 5-6 and brieflydescribed below.•Trip blanks are similar to field blanks with the exception that they are notexposed to field conditions. Their analytical results give the overall level ofcontamination from everything except ambient field conditions. Trip blanksare prepared prior to the sampling event and shipped with the sample bottles.Trip blanks are prepared by adding organic-free water to a 40-mL VOC vial.One trip blank will be used with every batch of water samples shipped forvolatile organic analysis. Each trip blank will be transported to the samplinglocations, handled like a sample, and returned to the laboratory for analysiswithout being opened in the field.•Field equipment/rinsate blanks are blank samples designed to demonstratethat sampling equipment has been properly prepared and cleaned before fielduse and that cleaning procedures between samples are sufficient to minimizecross-contamination. Rinsate blanks are prepared by passing analyte-freewater over sampling equipment and analyzing the samples for all applicableparameters. If a sampling team is familiar with a particular site, its membersmay be able to predict which areas or samples are likely to have the highestconcentration of contaminants. Unless other constraints apply, these samplesshould be taken last to avoid excessive contamination of sampling equipment.•Field triplicates consist of a set of three samples collected independently at asampling location during a single sampling event. Two of the identicalsamples will be sent to the project laboratory as blind duplicates. The thirdsample will be shipped to the QA laboratory for external quality control.Field triplicates can be sent to the laboratories so that they are indistinguishable from other analytical samples and personnel performing the analyses arenot able to determine which samples are field triplicates. Field triplicates aredesigned to assess the consistency of the overall sampling and analyticalsystem.5-4519:KP60TO_A044-02/19/93-DlFINAL5.5.2 Field AuditsInternal audits are conducted on field activities by the regional quality assurancecoordinator (RQC) or a designee. The RQC will plan and conduct internal field audits andcompare field operations to the CDAP and note discrepancies or deviations. Checklists willbe used to guide the auditor; however, these lists are not intended to be inclusive of all audittopics (see Appendix D). Field systems and field performance will be audited simultaneously,resulting in a comprehensive field audit. During each comprehensive field audit, a detailedreview of sampling technique, decontamination procedures, sample management,documentation, field measurements, subcontractor management, and overall projectmanagement will be conducted. The auditor will be responsible for preparing a deficiencyreport after completion of the audit and submitting this report to the contractors and COEproject managers for the audited project. The contractor's manager will be responsible forinitiating corrective actions.The RQC will perform follow-up audits as necessary to confirm the implementation ofcorrective actions.5.5.3 Corrective ActionThe need for corrective action will be identified by field audits as described in Section5.5.2 and by other more direct means, such as equipment malfunction. Once the problem hasbeen identified, prompt and appropriate action will be taken to correct the situation. After acorrective action has been implemented, its effectiveness will be verified. If the action doesnot resolve the problem, appropriate personnel will be assigned to investigate and effectivelyresolve the problem.5.6 FIELD EQUIPMENT, CONTAINERS, AND SUPPLIESThe following discussion provides a list of the field screening instruments and proceduresfor calibrating these instruments.5.6.1 Calibration Procedures and FrequencyAll instruments and equipment used during sampling and analysis will be operated,calibrated, and maintained according to the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations,and criteria set forth in the applicable analytical methodology references. Operation, calibra-5-46\9XP6UTO A044-02/19/93-D1recyciedpapsrtion, and maintenance will be performed by personnel properly trained in these procedures.Documentation of all routine and special maintenance and calibration information will bemaintained in an appropriate logbook or reference file, and will be available on request.Brief descriptions of calibration procedures for major field instruments follow. Theseinstruments include a FID, a PID, a radiation alert dosimeter, and a portable digitalconductance, temperature, and pH tester.5.6.1.1 HNu PhotoionizerThe HNu photoionizer can be calibrated using a static or dynamic gas generation system.A number of such systems for generating test atmospheres for various gases have beendescribed by G.O. Nelson in Controlled Test Atmospheres. Ann Arbor Science Publishers,Ann Arbor, Michigan (1971).The most convenient packages for calibration are the non-toxic analyzed gas mixturesavailable from HNu Systems in pressurized containers (Catalogue No. 101-350).A rapid procedure for calibration involves bringing the probe and readout in closeproximity to the calibration gas, cracking the valve on the tank, and checking the instrumentreading. This provides a useful spot check for the instrument.The recommended and most accurate procedure for calibration of the instrument from apressurized container is to connect one side of a "T" to the pressurized container ofcalibration gas, another side of the "T" to a rotameter, and the third side of the "T" directlyto the 8-inch extension of the photoionization probe. The valve of the pressurized container iscracked until a slight flow is indicated on the rotameter. The instrument draws in the volumeof sample required for detection, and the flow in the rotameter indicates an excess of sample.The span potentiometer is adjusted so that the instrument is reading the exact value of thecalibration gas. (If the instrument span setting is changed, the instrument should be turnedback to the standby position and the electronic zero should be readjusted, if necessary.)The calibration gas should be prepared in the same matrix (air, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc.)in which it is to be measured, otherwise an inaccurate reading may be obtained. Calibrationwith toxic gases should be performed in a hood since the HNu-101 is a nondestructiveanalyzer. The increased response that is seen in oxygen-free gases can be attributed to areduction in the quenching of ions by oxygen (actually O^) and is typical of any ionizationdetector. The quenching effect of oxygen is constant from about 10% O2 to very high levels.5-4719JCP60TD A044-02/19/93-D1FINALIf a gas standard prepared in nitrogen is to be used for measurements in air, fill a 0.5- or1-liter bag with the standard, then add 50 or 100 cc of pure oxygen to bring the level to 10%to 12%. Any error between this value and 20% oxygen is quite small.If the sample to be measured is in nitrogen, standards should be prepared in nitrogen.5.6.1.2 Organic Vapor Analyzer (OVA)The OVA provides a continuous readout of the total concentration of organic vapors andgases by the use of a FID. The OVA should be used only by a trained operator. It does notrespond to inorganic vapors.Regular MaintenanceProcedures for regular maintenance of the OVA are as follows:•Check particle filters daily;•Check quad rings weekly;•Clean burner chamber weekly;•Check calibration daily; and•Check pumping system daily.OVA-128 CalibrationOVA-128 calibration is as follows:•Remove instrument from case;•Turn on electronics and zero instrument on X10 scale, set gas select dial to300;•Turn on pump and hydrogen, ignite flame, go to survey mode;•Introduce a methane standard near 100 ppm;•Adjust R-32 trimpot on circuit board to make meter read to standard;•Turn off hydrogen flame and adjust meter needle to read 4 ppm;•Switch to XI scale and adjust R-31 trimpot to make meter read 4 ppm;5-4819:KP6070 A04*02/19/93-DlEjDSr,FINALecli-aagy and e:^ironi>:nie:n;•Return to X10 scale and adjust meter needle to 40 ppm;•Switch to XI00 scale and adjust R-33 trimpot to make meter read 40 ppm.OVA Pump System CheckThe OVA pump system check is as follows:•With pump on, hold unit upright and observe flow gauge;•Ball level significantly below a reading of 2 is low flow;•Clean or replace particle filters;•Re-assemble and re-test flow;•If flow is still low, replace pump diaphragm and valves;•If flow is normal, plug air intake pump should slow and stop;•If no noticeable change in pump, tighten fittings and re-test; and•If still no change, replace pump diaphragm and valves.5.6.1.3 Rad-Mini and NephelometerRad-MiniThe Rad-mini has a scheduled preventive maintenance check performed semi-annually.There is no calibration necessary for the Rad-mini. It is only checked for proper operationand battery life.A quick check of proper operation is performed on each unit before it is into the field. AColeman lantern mantle or other radiation source is brought up to the unit and response isnoted. If the Rad-mini reacts properly, it is then ready for use. A daily check can beperformed as described above.NephelometerThe Series 95 Nephelometer must be calibrated before each use. Allow the instrument towarm up for approximately 2 hours. Using turbidity- free deionized water, zero the meter.Set the scale to 100, fill with a 40 NTU standard (AEPA-1 turbidity standard from AdvancedPolymer Systems, Inc.), and insert into the instrument. Adjust the standardize control to give5-4919:KP6070A044-02/19/93-D1FINALa readout of 200. Rezero the instrument and repeat these steps with the scale set at 10 and 1using 4.0 and 0.4 NTU standards, respectively. These standards are prepared by dilutingaliquots of the 40 NTU standard.5.6.1.4 Conductance, Temperature, and pH MeterTemperature and conductance are factory calibrated. Conductance accuracy may bechecked with a solution of known conductance and recalibration can be instituted, ifnecessary.All instrumentation used in field activities must be calibrated according to manufacturers'instructions. Where required, field instruments must be calibrated and recorded in the fieldlogbook each sampling day.Continuous sampling devices must be calibrated according to manufacturers' specificationsat the time of field set-up and checked as often as necessary. Sample lines for continuousdevices must be cleaned or replaced prior to each installation.In those instances when a field instrument will not calibrate, the instrument maintenancepersonnel will attempt a field repair of the impaired equipment. To the extent possible orpractical, backup field equipment should be available.Do not subject the pH electrode to freezing temperatures. It is good practice to rinse theelectrode in distilled water when going from one buffer to another. When not in use, the capshould be kept on the electrode. Keeping the cotton in the cap moist will keep the electrodeready to use.5.6.1.5 Preventive MaintenanceAll field instruments and equipment used for sample analysis will be maintained underservice agreements with the manufacturers and will be serviced and maintained only byqualified personnel. All repairs, adjustments, and calibrations will be documented in anappropriate logbook or data sheet that will be kept on file.A sufficient redundancy of equipment items should be maintained to allow for areasonable level of equipment failure.5-505.6.2 Sampling Equipment, Containers, and SuppliesTables 5-4 and 5-5 specify sample container requirements by analysis and matrix. Furtherdiscussion of sampling equipment and supplies is provided in Section 5.6.1.5.7 EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATIONWhenever possible, disposable sampling and personal protective equipment will be usedfor field activities. Due the to number of samples to be collected, much of the samplingequipment used in the field will be decontaminated between uses at different sample locations.Equipment anticipated for field decontamination includes but is not limited to:•Stainless steel trowels, spoons, and mixing bowls;•Auger flights;•Teflon bailers; and•Nondisposable protective equipment.The primary intention of field decontamination is to prevent cross contamination ofsamples, control the spread of contaminants to noncontaminated areas, and prevent chemicalexposure to the sampling team. The decontamination area will be determined beforefieldwork begins. The location will be upwind and away from suspected contaminant sources.The decontamination procedures for all stainless steel and Teflon sampling equipment willconsist of a consecutive series of the following wash and rinses:•Potable water rinse;•Liquinox wash;•Potable water rinse;•Acetone rinse;•Hexane rinse;•Deionized water rinse; and•Air dry.5-5119:KP60TO_A044-02/19/93-DlFINALAuger flights will be decontaminated by power wash or steam cleaning. Nondisposableprotective clothing will be washed with a water and alconox solution and will be rinsed withpotable water. The Health and Safety Plan presents procedures for personnel decontaminationand site access control.For asbestos sampling, decontamination of the sampling tools will take place at thesampling area. The tools and outside of the sampling bag will be decontaminated withamended water (detergent and water) and paper towels or wet wipes. All contaminated towelsor wet wipes will be disposed of in a 6-mil plastic bag labeled as containing asbestoscontaining or contaminated waste.5.8 SAMPLE HANDLING REQUIREMENTS5.8.1 Container RequirementsSample containers for the project will be supplied by either the contractor or COE incompliance with EPA guidance (Specifications and Guidance for the Preparation ofContaminant-Free Containers, April 1989). If the COE is to supply sample containers, theCOE project engineer must be notified in writing of the number and type of containers neededas well as the date needed 10 days prior to container pick-up.Container requirements vary according to the anticipated hazard class of the sample. It isanticipated that all of the samples collected for the project will be low level (less than 10 ppmcontaminant concentrations suspected).5.8.2 Preservation and Holding TimesSample preservation and holding time requirements as outlined in EPA SW-846 arepresented in Table 5-3. Holding times are established from the time of collection of thesamples to extraction (as specified) and analysis.5.8.3DocumentationSample documentation includes sample identification labels, sample tags, daily samplingreports, photographs, laboratory analysis requests, and permanently bound field logbooks.5-52FINALE-EioiiogY acid e^viron^s:^:Sample DocumentationEach sample will be labeled and sealed immediately after collection. To minimizehandling of sample containers, labels will be filled out prior to sample collection. The samplelabel will be filled out using waterproof ink, will be firmly affixed to the sample containers,and protected with Mylar tape. A 10-digit alphanumeric code will be assigned to each sampleas an identification number to track samples collected at the site. The sample code is brokendown as follows:GroupDigitsTimeCode Examples Completed(1)(2)(3)(4)1-25-78-1011-12Calendar YearIdentifying codeSample No.Sample type:Surface SoilGroundwaterSedimentSoil91, 92,GAM (Gambell)010,110SymbolSSGWSDSLExample:92 GAM 010 SD = 1992, Gambell,Sample No. 10, SedimentThe sample label also will provide the following information:•Name of sampler;•Date and time of collection;•Sample number;•Analysis required (including EPA Test Method); and•Preservation.Sample volume levels will be marked on each liquid sample container. Sample tags willbe attached to each sample container, and will be filled out to reflect sample-specific information (see Appendix C). After the sample is collected, pertinent information such as sampleidentification number, date and time of sample collection, sample collection method,description of sample, and any field measurements (OVA readings, pH, conductivity, etc.),will be recorded in the field logbook, and the recorder will initial the entry.5-5319:KP60TO A04W2/19/93-D1FINALfield LogsField logs are necessary to provide records of data and observations to enable participantsto reconstruct events that occurred during the project and to refresh the memory of the fieldpersonnel if called upon to give testimony during legal proceedings. All daily logs will bekept in a permanently bound, waterproof notebook containing numbered pages. All entrieswill be made in waterproof ink, dated, and signed. No pages will be removed for any reason.The daily logs will include a site log and a task log.The field log is the responsibility of the site team leader and will include a completesummary of the day's activity at the site.The field log will include:•Name of person making entry (signature);•Names of team members on site;•Levels of personnel protection—level of protection originally used, changes inprotection, if required, and reasons for changes;•Time spent collecting samples;•Documentation of samples collected-including sample identification numbers, sampling location and depth numbers, sampling date and time, sampling personnel, type of sample (grab, composite, etc.), sample matrix, andnumber of samples collected;•On-site measurement data, including units of measurement;•Field observations and remarks;•Weather conditions, wind direction, etc.;•Monitoring equipment used (brand, model, serial number);•Monitoring equipment calibration;•Unusual circumstances or difficulties; and•Initials of person recording the information.A complete log of all conditions encountered during drilling will be maintained. Thisincludes lithologic/hydrogeologic descriptions and notations on drilling speed, drill bitbehavior, drill rig injection rates, cuttings return rates, and pull-down pressures as different5-5419:KP«WO_A044-02/19/93-Dlrecyc'sci paperFINALsmaterials are encountered. Major components of the log to be completed include thefollowing.•At 5-foot intervals or change of material, the geologist will obtain a sampleof the subsurface soil split-spoon sampling. Cutting depth, date, and timewill be noted;•Description of the subsurface soil will be noted to include the following,whenever possible:- Soil color;- Soil particle size, e.g., cobbles, sand, silt, and clay (according to the Wentworthsize scale);- Estimated percentage of cobbles, sand, silt, and/or clay;- Descriptive comments, e.g., degree of cementation; and- Moisture content.•Depth at which groundwater is first encountered will be noted; and•Drilling speed and rig behavior will be noted to help verify the nature of thematerial encountered by the drill bit.All sample identification tags, chain-of-custody records, and other forms must be writtenin waterproof ink. None of these documents are to be destroyed or thrown away, even if theyare illegible or contain inaccuracies that require a replacement document.No pages will be removed from logbooks for any reason. If corrections are necessary,these must be made by drawing a single line through the original entry (so that the originalentry is legible) and writing the corrected entry alongside. The correction must be initialedand dated. Corrected errors may require a footnote explaining the correction.All field documents will be supplied to the project manager at the end of the fieldinvestigation.Photographic LogPhotographs will be taken by a member of the sampling team. Documentation of aphotograph is crucial to its validity as a representation of an existing situation. The followinginformation will be noted in the field logbook concerning photographs:•Date, time, location where photograph was taken;•Photographer (signature);5-5519UCP60TD A044-02/19/93-D1FINAL•Weather conditions;•Description of photograph taken and dkection photographer was facing; and•Sequential number of the photograph and the film roll number.After the photographs have been developed, the information recorded in the fieldnotebook will be transferred to the back of the photographs.The field sampling manager will be responsible for maintaining records of field activities,including field analytical measurements, sample locations, and sample identification. Datashall be entered into a permanently bound logbook while field activities are in progress.Records will be retained on file by the field sampling team manager until released to the COEfor storage. A copy of all documents generated during the fieldwork will be supplied to theproject manager for incorporation into the project report. Field results will be incorporatedinto progress reports or final reports as appropriate.5.8.4 Analysis Request Forms/Chain-of-CustodyLaboratory analysis request forms will be furnished by the government laboratory andwill be completed in accordance with COE guidelines (COE 1990). The sample analysisrequest forms will include the EPA method number for the analysis required.Full chain-of-custody procedures will be initiated in the field and maintained throughdelivery to the contracted laboratory. The primary objective of the chain-of-custodyprocedures is to provide an accurate written record that can be used to trace the possessionand handling of a sample from the moment of its collection through its analyses. A sample isin custody if it is:•In someone's physical possession;•In someone's view;•Locked up; or•Kept in a secured area that is restricted to authorized personnel.The chain-of-custody record will be completed in duplicate by the field personneldesignated by the sample team manager as responsible for sample shipment to the appropriatelaboratory for analysis (see Appendix C, Chain-of-Custody Form). In addition, if samples are5-5619:KP6070_A044-02/I9/93-DlsrSCVC'3©1"' pcUD®-".,.FINALsesiiicjgy sjET.ci £i!;/v'iiro:n.LTrj©n$known to require rapid turnaround in the laboratory because of project time constraints oranalytical concerns (e.g., extraction time or sample retention period limitations, etc.), theperson completing the chain-of-custody record must note these constraints in the remarkssection of the custody record. The remarks section also should indicate whether the sampleshave been filtered or preserved. Copies of all chain-of-custody forms will be provided to theCorps of Engineers North Pacific Division Materials Laboratory (NPDML). In addition, asample summary which identified all QA/QC duplicate samples, rinsate blanks and tripblanks, will be submitted to NPDML when sampling is completed.Samples will be shipped to the NPDML or directly to the contract laboratory if directedby the Division Laboratory. General procedures for transfer of sample custody during sampleshipment appear below:•NPDML must be notified of the number of sample proposed for collection, samplematrices, analytical methods, required turnaround time, and dates of sampling at least10 days prior to the initiation of sampling. The person of contact is Tim Seeman, at503/665-4166.•The coolers in which the samples are packed will be accompanied by achain-of-custody record. When transferring samples, the individuals relinquishing and receiving them will sign, date, and note the time on the record.This records sample custody transfer;•Samples will be dispatched to the laboratory for analysis with a separatechain-of-custody record accompanying each shipment. Shipping containerswill be sealed with custody seals for shipment to the laboratory. The methodof shipment, name of courier, and other pertinent information will be enteredin the remarks section of the chain-of-custody record;•All shipments will be accompanied by the chain-of-custody record identifyingtheir contents. The original record that accompanies the shipment will betaped to the inside of the cooler lid using chain-of-custody seals. The copyis retained by the sample team leader; and•If sent by mail, the package is registered with return receipt requested. Ifsent by common carrier, a bill of lading is used. Freight bills, PostalService receipts, and bills of lading are retained as part of the permanentdocumentation.Custody seals are preprinted adhesive-backed seals with security slots designed to breakif the seals are disturbed. Sample shipping containers (coolers, cardboard boxes, etc.) asappropriate are secured by placing seals on right front and left rear over the container open-5-5719:KFW)TO_A044-02/25/93-Dlrecycled paperFINAL•e«-«loSy andenvironmeming. Seals will be signed and dated before use. Clear plastic tape will be placed over theseals to ensure that the seals are not accidentally broken during shipment. On receipt at thelaboratory, the custodian must check and certify that seals on the shipping containers areintact by completing logbook entries. The custodian also will document the temperature ofthe cooler, the general condition of the sample containers, and verify that the information onthe chain-of-custody agrees with the samples received. All chain-of-custody documents willbe supplied by the sampling team.5.8.5 Sample Packaging and ShippingSamples must be packaged carefully to avoid breakage or contamination and must beshipped to the laboratory at proper temperatures. The following sample packagingrequirements will be followed:•Determine the proper shipping name and the maximum allowable net quantities per package for a passenger or cargo-only aircraft. The proper shippingname, and labeling and packaging requirements can be found in the Hazardous Material Table (49 CFR 172.1010) or in Section 4 of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations;•Groups of bulk asbestos samples should be placed in a larger plastic bag,sealed and shipped in an appropriate manner to ensure that samples are notdamaged;•Enclose each sample container individually in a clear, scalable plastic bag;•Pack ice into freezer bags, and surround samples with ice packs and remaining voids with non-combustible, absorbent packing material. Care should betaken so that the sample remains at 4°C, as excessive cold may break ordamage sample bottles;•Any remaining space in the cooler should be filled with inert packingmaterial. Under no circumstances should material such as sawdust or sandbe used; and•Tape paperwork (chain-of-custody forms and cooler receipts) in a plastic bagon the inside of the cooler lid, seal with custody seals, label, and ship.Shipping containers are to be custody-sealed for shipment. The container custody sealwill consist of filament tape wrapped around the package at least twice and custody sealsaffixed in such a way that access to the container can be gained only by cutting the filamenttape and breaking a seal.5-5819JCP60TO A044-02/25/93-D1FINALField personnel will make arrangements for transportation of samples to the contractedlaboratory. When custody is relinquished to a shipper, field personnel will telephone toinform the laboratory custodian of the expected time of arrival of the sample shipment andany time constraints of sample analysis.The following sample marking and labeling guidelines will be followed:•Use abbreviations only where specified; and•The words "This End Up" or "This Side Up" must be clearly printed on thetop of the outer package. Upward-pointing arrows should be placed on thesides of the package. The words "Laboratory Samples" should also beprinted on the top of the package.All samples will be transported in a manner to prevent container damage or crosscontamination of the samples during shipment. Shipping and labeling procedures will be inaccordance with applicable COE specifications, United States Department of Transportation(DOT) regulations, and National Enforcement Investigations Center policies (COE 1986; 49CFR 100-199; EPA 1985).5.9 INVESTIGATION-DERIVED WASTEInvestigation-derived waste will be containerized as necessary.Investigation-derivedwastes are expected to consist of the following waste types:•Cuttings from boreholes;•Sample not submitted for laboratory analysis;•Groundwater from well development and sampling activities;•Drilling water or mud from drilling operations;•Decontaminationfluids;and•Disposable protective clothing and supplies.If positive PID/FID readings are detected in the drill cuttings (i.e., greater than 5 ppm),the cuttings will be containerized in DOT-approved 55-gallon drums. Otherwise, the cuttingswill be stockpiled on a double layer of thickness of 6-mil plastic sheeting in close proximity to5-59190CP60TO_A(M4«2/19/93-DlFINALthe well for storage. Depending upon the analytical results, the soil will either be disposedof at a hazardous waste landfill or the Gambell landfill.Groundwater produced during well development and sampling activities will be treated aspotentially contaminated. All potentially contaminated groundwater will be containerized inDOT-approved 55-gallon drums or equivalent and stored on site until sample analysis resultsare received. Depending on the results, the water will either be discharged to the groundsurface, disposed of as a hazardous waste, or evaporated.Fluids generated during decontamination will be disposed of on site unless field screeningindicates the need for containerization. The solvent rinsate will be collected separately fromjhe ome£j»olutions and held for subsequent disposaL Disposable supplies will be bagged,stored, and buried at the landfill.5.10 PERSONAL HEALTH AND SAFETYPersonal health and safety procedures are addressed in the project Health and SafetyPlan. This plan complies with and follows the requirements and guidelines in the COE SafetyManual, EM 385-1-1, 29 CFR 1910, and 29 CFR 1926. Included in the plan are descriptionsof anticipated chemical and physical hazards, levels of personal protection required, healthand safety monitoring requirements and action levels, personnel decontamination procedures,and emergency procedures. The drilling and sampling team is responsible for its own safetyand the implementation of health and safety protocols.5-6019JCP60W A044-02/19/93-D1FINALPage 1 of 2Table 5-1PROPOSED SOIL SAMPLE SUMMARYGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKASubsurface Soil Samples86Surface Soil SamplesNo. of SamplesSITENo. of SamplesParameters'*Parameters1.North Beach2TRPH, BNA, PCBs, TCLP metals24GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLPmetals2.Former MilitaryHousing/Operations2TRPH, BNA, TCLP metals9GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLPmetals, Explosives3.Former CommunicationFacilityNS6GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLPmetals, Sulfates, pH4.Sevuokuk Mountain235.Former Tramway SiteNS126.Military LandfillNSNS7.Former Military PowerFacility28.West Beach9.PCBsTRPH, BNA, Dioxin, PCBs, TCLP metalsNSGRO, DRO, TRPH, PCBs, TCLP metals12GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLPmetalsNS4GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLPmetalsAsphalt Barrel CacheNSNS10.Sevuokuk Mountain TrailSystemNSNS11 .Communication CableRouteNSNS12.Nayvaghaq Lake3TRPH, TCLP metals6GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, TCLP metals13.Former Radar PowerStation2TRPH, PCBs, TCLP metals12GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLPmetals14.Navy Plane Crash SiteNSGRO, DRO, TRPH, TCLP metalsNSPage 2 of 2Table 5-1PROPOSED SOIL SAMPLE SUMMARYGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKASubsurface Soil Samples80Surface Soil SamplesNo. of SamplesSITEUl15.Troutman Lake OrdnanceBurial SiteNS16.Gambell MunicipalBuilding Site217.Army Landfills18.Former Main CampBNADROGRONSMetalsPCBsTCLPTRPHVOCabcSource:No. of SamplesParameters'*ParametersNSGRO, DRO, TRPH, TCLP metals9GRO, DRO, TRPH, TCLP metalsNS21GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs, TCLPmetalsNSNS= Base/neutral and acid extractable compounds= Diesel range organics= Gasoline range organics= No samples required= Arsenic, barium, badmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver= Polychlorinated biphenyls= toxicity characteristic leaching procedure= Total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons= Volatile organic compounds= Grain size analysis will be performed on all borehole samples in which monitoring wells will be installed.= Method numbers are presented in Table 6-1. Additinal remediatin parameters, to be performed on 10 to 20 percent of subsurface soil samples collected, presentedin Tables 6-1 and 6-2.= Divide total number of subsurface soil samples per site by three to yield the number of proposed soil borings (Table 5-9), except for site 8. Divide total number of samples atSite 8 by four to yield the number of proposed soil borings.Ecology and Environment, Inc. 1992Page 1 of 2Table 5-2PROPOSED SEDIMENT, GROUNDWATER, AND ASBESTOS SAMPLE SUMMARYGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKAGroundvvater Samples From MonitoringWells"Sediment SamplesSITENo. of SamplesNo. of SamplesParametersParameters'*1.North BeachNS8GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs,TCLP metals"2.Former MilitaryHousing/OperationsNS3GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, TCLPmetals8, Explosives3.Former CommunicationFacilityNS1GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs,TCLP metals8, Sulfates, pH4.Sevuokuk Mountain35.Former Tramway SiteNS2GRO, DRO, TRPH, PCBs6.Military LandfillNS4GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, TotalMetals8, Ammonia, Nitrates, Sulfates,TDS, TSS, Coliform/Fecal Bacteria,BOD, COD7.Former Military PowerFacilityNS4GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs,TCLP metals88.West BeachNS1GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs,TCLP metals89.Asphalt Barrel CacheNSNS10.Sevuokuk Mountain TrailSystemNSNS11 .Communication CableRouteNSNS12.Nayvaghaq LakeNS2PCBsAsbestos33NSGRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, TCLPmetals8Page 2 of 2Table 5-2PROPOSED SEDIMENT, GROUNDWATER, AND ASBESTOS SAMPLE SUMMARYGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKASediment SamplesSITENo. of Samples4Groundwater Samples From MonitoringWells8Parameters"No. of SamplesParameters'*13.Former Radar PowerStationNS414.Navy plane Crash SiteNSNS15.Troutman Lake OrdnanceNSNS16.Gambell MunicipalBuilding SiteNS2GRO, DRO, TRPH, TCLP metals817.Army LandfillsNS7GRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs,TCLP metals818.Former Main CampNSNSBNADROGRONSMetalsPCBsTCLPTDSTRPHTSSVOCabcSource:AsbestosGRO, DRO, TRPH, VOC, PCBs,TCLP metals8= Base/neutral and acid extractable compounds= Diesel range organics= Gasoline range organics= No samples required= Arsenic, barium, badmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver= Polychlorinated biphenyls= toxicity characteristic leaching procedure= Total dissolved solids= Total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons= Total suspended solids= Volatile organic compounds= Grain size analysis will be performed on all borehole samples in which monitoring wells will be installed.= Method numbers are presented in Table 6-1. Additinal remediation parameters, to be performed on 10 to 20 percent of subsurface soil samples collected, presentedin Tables 6-1 and 6-2.= Divide total number of subsurface soil samples per site by three to yield the number of proposed soil borings (Table 5-9), except for site 8. Divide total number of samples atSite 8 by four to yield the number of proposed soil borings.Ecology and Environment, Inc. 1992Page 1 of 2Table 5-3nrcSSAMPLE PRESERVATION AND HOLDING TIMES FOR SOIL AND WATER SAMPLESGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKAcTaT 40 days to analysisTotal Residual Petroleum HydrocarbonsSoilWaterCool to 4°CCool to 4°C, HCL to pH < 228 days to analysis28 days to analysisMetalsSoilWaterCool to 4°CCool to 4°C, HNO3 to pH < 26 months (mercury - 28 days)6 months (mercury - 28 days)Ammonia - NitrogenWaterCool to 4°C, H2SO4 to pH < 228 daysNitrate - NitrogenWaterCool to 4°C48 hoursSulfateWaterCool to 4°C28 daysColiform/Fecal BacteriaWaterCool to 4°C, 0.008% Na2S2O36 hoursTotal Dissolved/Suspended SolidsWaterCool to 4°C24 hoursBiochemical Oxygen DemandWaterCool to 4°C48 hoursChemical Oxygen DemandWaterCool to 4°C, H2SO4 to pH < 228 daysPage 2 of 2Table 5-3SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND HOLDING TIMES FOR SOIL AND WATER SAMPLESGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKAAnalysisMatrixPreservation MethodMaximum Holding TimeHydrocarbon ScanWater/Free productCool to 4°C, HCL to pH < 228 days to analysisBTEXWater/Free productCool to 4°C, HCL to pH < 214 days to analysisTotal LeadWater/Free productCool to 4°C, HNO3 to pH < 26 monthsFlashpointWater/Free product——BTUFree product—Ash ContentSoil—Cool to 4°CTotal SulfurSoilCool to 4°CTotal Organic CarbonSoilBTUSoilCool to 4°C_——28 days—._IgnitabilitySoil._Total Organic HalidesSoilCool to 4°C8 daysBTEXSoilCool to 4°CMoisture ContentSoil14 days__GrainsizeSoil—__Atterburg LimitsSoil——MagnesiumWaterCool to 4°C, HNO3 to pH < 26 monthsCalciumWaterCool to 4°C, HNO3 to pH < 26 monthsTotal IronWaterCool to 4°C, HNO3 to pH < 26 monthsDissolved IronWaterCool to 4°C, HN03 to pH < 26 monthsAlkalinityWaterCool to 4°C14 daysHardnessWaterCool to 4°C, HMO3 to pH < 26 months._Table 5-4SAMPLE CONTAINERS AND VOLUMES FOR SOIL,SEDIMENT, AND MISCELLANEOUS SAMPLESGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKAType and Site of ContainerNumber of Containers andSample Volume(per sample)Purgeable(Volatile) Organics2-oz glass jar with Teflonlined septa capTwo (2); fill completely, noair spaceExtractable Organics4-oz glass jar with Teflonlined capOne (1); fill completelyPCB4-oz glass jar with Teflonlined capOne (1); fill completelyDioxin4-oz glass jar with Teflonlined capOne (1); fill completelyGasoline Range Organics(M. 8015)2-oz glass jar Teflon-linedsepta capTwo (2); fill completely, noair spaceDiesel Range Organics4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyMethod 8330 (Explosives)4-oz glass jar foil wrappedOne (1); fill completelyTotal recoverable petroleumhydrocarbons4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyMetals8-oz glass jar with Teflonlined capOne (1); fill completelyGrain Size/Moisture ContentGallon plastic bag (double)One or more, depending onsoil typeAsbestos1 -liter plastic bagOne (1); 5 in3, minimumSulfate/pH4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyAsh Content4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyTotal Sulfur4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyTotal Organic Carbon4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyBTU/Ignitability4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyTotal Organic Hal ides4-oz glass jarOne (1); fill completelyAtterburg Limitsbrass sleeveOne (1); fill completelyType of Analysisrecycled paperand environmen?5-67Table 5-5Sample Containers and Volumes for Water SamplesGambell, St. Lawrence Island, AlaskaType of AnalysisType and Size of ContainerNumber of Containers andSample Volume(per sample)Purgeable (Volatile) Organics40-mL glass vials with Teflon-backed septumsTwo (2)a; fill completely, noair space.Extractable Organics1-liter amber glass bottle withTeflon-lined capOne (l)a; fill 7/8 fullPCB1 -liter amber glass bottle withTeflon-lined capOne (l)a; fill 7/8 fullGasoline Range Organics(M. 8015)40 mL glass vials with Teflon-backed septumsThree (3)a; fill completely,no air spaceDiesel Range Organics1 -liter amber glass bottle withTeflon-lined capOne (l)a; fill 7/8 fullMethod 8330 (Explosives)1 -liter amber glass bottleOne (If; fill 7/8 fullTRPH1 -liter amber glass bottleone (1); fill 7/8 fullMetals1 -liter polyethylene bottlewith polyethylene-lined capOne (1); fill 7/8 fullNitrate-Nitrogen250-mL HDPEOne (1); fill 7/8 fullAmmonia-nitrogen500-mL HDPEOne (1); fill 7/8 fullSulfate125-mL HDPEOne (1); fill 7/8 fullColiform bacteria125-mL HDPE, sterileOne (1); fill 7/8 fullFecal Coliform125-mL HDPE, sterileOne (1); fill 7/8 fullTotal dissolved solids,Total suspended solids500-mL HDPEOne (1); fill 7/8 fullBiochemical Oxygen Demand1 -liter HDPETwo (2); fill 7/8 fullChemical Oxygen Demand125-mL HDPEOne (1); fill 7/8 fullpH125-mL HDPEOne (1); fill 7/8 fullHydrocarbon scan1-liter amber glass bottleOne (1); fill 7/8 fullBTEX40-mL glass vials with Teflon-backed septumsTwo (2); fill 7/8 fullFlashpoint1 -liter amber glass bottleOne (1); fill 7/8 fullBTU40-mL glass vial with Teflonbacked septumsOne (1); fill completely?5-6STable 5-5Sample Containers and Volumes for Water SamplesGambell, St. Lawrence Island, AlaskaType and Size of ContainerNumber of Containers andSample Volume(per sample)Alkalinity250-mL HDPEOne (1); fill completelyHardness250-mL HDPEOne (1); fill completelyType of Analysisa=One sample per twenty will be collected in triplicate for internal quality controlpurposes (matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate) for project and QA laboratories.Source: EPA Documents SW-846 (3rd edition), MCAWWrecycled paperand environment5-69Page 1 of 2Table 5-6TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES REQUIREDGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKA6MatrixSurface SoilSubsurface SoilAnalysisGRODROPCBDioxinNumber ofSamplesExpectedSets of FieldTriplicates1*BackgroundSamplesQA TripBlanks8Project TripBlanks8Total Numberof Samples4491112227712BNATCLP metalsTRPH371616112222226102020GRODROVOC11511594121210222129129106PCBExplosivesTCLP MetalsSulfatesPHTRPH941029103110221061261296115112229129Rinsate Samples1 per type of samplingequipment1 per type of samplingequipment115SedimentPCB41161 per type of samplingequipmentGroundwaterGRODROVOC3838344431114343421 per type of samplingequipmentPCBExplosivesTotal MetalsSulfatesAmmoniaNitrateColiform bacteriaFecal coliformbacteria27313143614116415444111111117666411631,Page 2 of 2Table 5-6TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES REQUIREDGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKA6MatrixGroundwater(Cont.)Misc. FibrousMaterialAnalysisNumber ofSamplesExpectedBackgroundSamplesSets of FieldTriplicates1*PHBODCODTRPH144381114Bulk Asbestos61Project TripBlanks3QA TripBlanks91111Total Numberof Samples366Rinsate Samples1 per type of samplingequipment437Nonea= One trip blank, prepared from organic-free water, will be sent with each ship of VOC samples. The total number of trip blanks is based on the number of coolers shippedthroughout the duration of the project.b= "Triplicate" refers to the collection of three sample volumes, two of which are sumbitted as field duplicates to the COE-approved project laboratory, and the third submitted tothe QA laboratory for external quality control.c= Two background samples are proposed for surface and subsurface soils to represent different soil types found at Gambell.d= Subsurface soil samples to be submitted for analysis will total approximately 20 percent of all subsurface samples collected, based on field sample headspace screening.Ul-UBNA% BOD5-COD* PCB|rCLPgTRPH|-VOC= Base/neutral/acid extractables= Biochemical Oxygen Demand= Chemical Oxygen Demand= Polychlorinated biphenyls= Toxic characteristic leaching procedure= Total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons= Volatile organic compoundTable 5-7SAMPLING EQUIPMENTGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKAMatrixTypeConstructionUseSoilSpoonStainless steelSamplingSoilTrowelStainless steelSamplingSoilSpatulaStainless steelSamplingSoilBowlStainless steelSamplingSoilHand augerStainless steelSamplingSoilSplit spoonSteelSamplingSedimentSpoonStainless steelSamplingSedimentTrowelStainless steelSamplingGroundwaterBailerStainless steel orTeflonPurging or samplingTransformer OilThieving rodGlassSamplingAsbestosRazor bladePocket knifeWire cuttersNeedle-nosed pliersHammer/chiselPump spray bottleSource: Ecology and Environment, Inc. 19925-72—SamplingSamplingSamplingSamplingSamplingSamplingTable 5-8ASBESTOS SAMPLINGRECOMMENDED NUMBER OFSAMPLES PER HOMOGENEOUS AREAGAMBELL, ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKASuspected HomogeneousMaterial TypeQuality of HomogeneousMaterialSurfacing Materials< 1,000 square feet> 1,000 to 5,000 square feet> 5,000 square feetThermal System InsulationAll areasPatched areasMiscellaneous MaterialsAll typesSource: Ecology and Environment, Inc. 19925-73Minimum Number ofSamples to be CollectedTable 5-9PROPOSED SOIL BORINGSSite No. and NameProposed Number ofSoil BoringsProposed Depth of SoilBorings* (feet)bSite No. 1:North Beach AreaAir Force Landing AreaArmy Landing Area3577Site No. 2:Former Military Housingand Operations Area37Site No. 3:Communications Facility27Site No. 5:Tramway SiteTransformer Cable Burial Area4 -7Site No. 6:Military Landfill4 -7Site No. 7:Military Power Facility4I/7Site No. 8:West Beach AreaArmy Landfill1I/11Site No. 12:Nayvaghag Lake Disposal Area2'^7Site No. 13:Radar Power Station4 ^'7Site No. 16:Gambell Municipal Building3^743tX77Site No. 17:Army LandfillsLandfill #1Landfill #2Key:^:a-Selected soil borings at each site are proposed to be completed with monitoring wells.These borings will be advanced to depths of 5-8 feet below the top of the saturated zone.b-Below ground surface (bgs).Source: Ecology and Environment, Inc. 19925-74Table 5-10PROPOSED MONITORING WELLSProposed Number ofMonitoring WellsSite No. and NameSite No. 1:North Beach AreaAir Force Landing AreaArmy Landing Area35Site No. 3:Communications FacilitySite No. 5:Tramway SiteTransformer Cable Burial Area1515• --/'.'•' -•Site No. 2:Former Military Housingand Operations Area• i/3';f'V\Proposed Depth ofMonitoring Wells (feet)15X :-///•.1\!'"\/15•'JL*.. i -?••